Privacy pass что это
Privacy pass что это
Privacy Pass Extension
The Privacy Pass protocol is now being standardised by the privacypass IETF working group. All contributions are welcome! See the GitHub page for more details.
The Privacy Pass browser extension implements the Privacy Pass protocol for providing a private authentication mechanism during web browsing. Privacy Pass is currently supported by Cloudflare to allow users to redeem validly signed tokens instead of completing CAPTCHA solutions. The extension is compatible with Chrome and Firefox (v48+). An example server implementation that is compatible with this extension is available here.
The protocol we use is based on a realization of a ‘Verifiable, Oblivious Pseudorandom Function’ (VOPRF) first established by Jarecki et al.. We also detail the entire protocol and results from this deployment in a research paper that appeared at PETS 2018 (Issue 3).
In October 2021, we announced a new major version (v3) as mentioned in the blog post which makes the code base more resilient, extensible, and maintainable.
After that, the dist folder will contain all files required by the extension.
Cryptography is implemented using the elliptic-curve library SJCL and compression of points is done in accordance with the standard SEC1. This work uses the NIST standard P256 elliptic curve for performing operations. Third-party implementers should note that the outputs of the hash-to-curve, key derivation, and point encoding functions must match their Go equivalents exactly for interaction with our server implementation. More information about this will be provided when the edge implementation is open-sourced.
The creation of the Privacy Pass protocol was a joint effort by the team made up of George Tankersley, Ian Goldberg, Nick Sullivan, Filippo Valsorda and Alex Davidson.
We would also like to thank Eric Tsai for creating the logo and extension design, Dan Boneh for helping us develop key parts of the protocol, as well as Peter Wu and Blake Loring for their helpful code reviews. We would also like to acknowledge Sharon Goldberg, Christopher Wood, Peter Eckersley, Brian Warner, Zaki Manian, Tony Arcieri, Prateek Mittal, Zhuotao Liu, Isis Lovecruft, Henry de Valence, Mike Perry, Trevor Perrin, Zi Lin, Justin Paine, Marek Majkowski, Eoin Brady, Aaran McGuire, and many others who were involved in one way or another and whose efforts are appreciated.
What do I have to do to acquire new passes?
Are passes stored after a browser restart?
Depending on your browser settings, the local storage of your browser may be cleared when it is restarted. Privacy Pass stores passes in local storage and so these will also be cleared. This behavior may also be observed if you clear out the cache of your browser.
About
Privacy Pass: a privacy-enhancing protocol and browser extension.
hCaptcha +В Privacy Pass (Beta)
Privacy Pass is an emerging standard for preserving user privacy that we are developing in conjunction with Cloudflare and others.
How it works: aВ browser extension provides users with the ability to create and sign cryptographically blind tokens for websites that support the Privacy Pass protocol. The extension generates passes containing cryptographically blinded tokens that are signed by hCaptcha when a challenge is solved on any site using the hCaptcha service, except challenges shown on other Privacy Pass-supporting services that also embed hCaptcha, e.g. Cloudflare.*
These tokens are unblinded and stored by the extension for future use. When the user visits a site using hCaptcha and needs to pass the challenge (whether invisible or via the «I am human» button)В they are redeemed automatically. The blinding procedure means that signed and redeemed tokens are cryptographically unlinkable from hCaptcha’s perspective, and thus user privacy is preserved.
As the IETFВ standardization process continues, we expect major browsers will adopt some form of Privacy Pass natively. This will eventually render the extension unnecessary. For the moment, however, please follow the instructions below.
*В In other words: you can get hCaptcha Privacy Pass tokens on hCaptcha.com, and use them on other sites directly using hCaptcha.com. You can not get or redeem hCaptcha Privacy Pass tokens to bypass the hCaptcha service as used by Cloudflare, since Cloudflare issues and redeems its own Privacy Pass tokens.
First, install the extension for Firefox or Chrome. Make sure you’ve enabled the extension in incognito mode. Then, visit any website using hCaptcha and solve a captcha. As of version 2.0.3, you can redeem these tokens on websites using hCaptcha.
Once you’ve got the extension installed, click here (or on any hCaptcha-using website) to earn passes:
Please note: this feature is currently in beta, and may not work for all websites and users all of the time. In the event that it is not enabled or does not work for a particular user, the behavior will simply fall back to the standard hCaptcha experience with no loss of functionality.
‍
A new icon will appear next to your URLВ bar. Now visit a website using hCaptcha. It will look like this:
which means the wallet is empty, and you are on a site that includes an hCaptcha challenge. Once you complete the challenge, you will earn tokens that can be redeemed on any other website with hCaptcha.
A count of the current total in your wallet will be shown on the icon after completing the challenge.
You can confirm the extension is working by seeing the counter go down by 1 each time you click
the challenge after your initial solve.
And that’s it!В Your online browsing is now more private.
Developers and cryptographers:
‍
If you would like to track the standardization effort, efforts are currently underway at IETFВ CFRGВ to standardize the Oblivious Pseudorandom Functions underlying the cryptographic security of Privacy Pass. The protocol itself is going through the draft process as well. And the browser extension is of course open source for your contributions and review.
Q:В Is my IP and browsing history completely private from hCaptcha when using Privacy Pass?
A:В Privacy Pass users of hCaptcha will never expose their IP to hCaptcha unless their browser’s token wallet is empty or the site sends it. hCaptcha has no way to link the user to the token redemption, and does not ever interact directly with the user during redemption unless their token wallet is empty.
Q:В How does Privacy Pass affect hCaptcha earnings?
A:В You will earn a reward for the initial solve if the user completes it on your site. Redemptions follow the same response pattern as if the user had auto-passed on your site due to high client confidence:В no earning occurs, and the siteverify call from your server receives a `credit:В False` in the pass results.
Q:В If IВ have Privacy Pass passes issued by another provider, can IВ redeem them on hCaptcha?
A:В No, passes are not interoperable:В they must be issued and redeemed by the same authority, in this case hCaptcha. Note that if you have passes from both Cloudflare and hCaptcha in your extension, the number available will change to the correct amount depending on the requirement of the page you are visiting. In other words, if you have 100 Cloudflare passes in your wallet and 10 hCaptcha passes, you should see 10 on the extension icon on pages with hCaptcha embedded.
Q:В What other applications of Privacy Pass are you working on?
A:В We are very interested in Privacy Pass for the Accessibility («a11y») use case. Previously popular options like audio captchas discriminate against many a11y users. We believe combining our current a11y approach with Privacy Pass issuance will allow a11y users to browse safely, secure in the knowledge that their traffic is more private, while restricting the abuse by bot operators that inevitably occurs when a11y options are available.
Q:В Do other online security services support Privacy Pass?
A:В hCaptcha is the first service of its kind that supports Privacy Pass, and is currently the only one to do so. However, we expect other services to recognize the advantages of increasing user privacy online, and expect that in the future more will undertake implementations as the IETFВ standards that we are helping to develop are formally adopted.
Privacy Pass is a new invention by the standards of the Web, and it is possible for other applications and browser extensions that are not aware of it to interfere with its functionality.
If you have issues getting or redeeming tokens:
‍
1. Try one of the other supported browsers:В if you’re on Chrome, try using Firefox without importing your settings from Chrome, and install the plugin there. If that works, you may have a browser configuration issue.
‍
2. Try disabling other extensions. If that solves it, turn them on one by one until you find the problem, and let the developer of that extension know about it, as well as giving us a heads up at [email protected]
3. If none of the above suggestions works, send us a support email and we’ll be happy to help figure out what’s going on.
Знакомьтесь, pass
Я много лет искал подходящую мне хранилку паролей и недавно наткнулся на Pass на HackerNews. Идея хранить пароли в git-репозитории может выглядеть странно, но в целом это неплохая идея, потому что:
Делюсь с вами переводом приветственной странички Pass.
Управление паролями должно быть простым и следовать философии Unix. Используя pass, каждый Ваш пароль находится внутри зашифрованного файла gpg, имя которого совпадает с именем ресурса или веб сайта к которому данный пароль привязан. Эти зашифрованные файлы могут быть организованы в удобные иерархии папок, скопированы с носителя на носитель и, в общем, обработаны с помощью любых утилит управления файлами командной строки.
С pass управлять отдельными файлами паролей становится крайне просто. Все пароли хранятся в
Команды pass подробно описана на странице руководства.
Как используется хранилище паролей
Мы можем перечислить все существующие пароли в хранилище:
Мы так же можем отображать пароли:
Или скопировать их в буфер:
Появится удобный диалог ввода пароля с использованием стандартного gpg-агента (который может быть настроен на поддержание сессии в течение нескольких минут), поскольку все пароли зашифрованы.
Мы можем добавить существующие пароли в хранилище с помощью insert:
Утилита может генерировать ( generate ) новые пароли, используя / dev / urandom:
Конечно же, пароли можно удалить:
Если хранилищем паролей выступает репозиторий git, поскольку каждая манипуляция создает фиксацию git, вы можете синхронизировать хранилище паролей с помощью pass git push и pass git pull, которые вызывают git-push или git-pull в хранилище.
Вы можете прочитать больше примеров и функций на здесь.
Настройка
Для начала есть одна команда для инициализации хранилища паролей:
Мы можем дополнительно инициализировать хранилище паролей как репозиторий git:
Если репозиторий git инициализирован, pass создает коммит внутри этого репозитория git каждый раз, когда манипулируют хранилищем паролей.
На странице руководства есть более подробный пример инициализации.
Скачивание pass
Текущая версия — 1.7.3.
$ sudo apt-get install pass
$ sudo yum install pass
$ sudo zypper in password-store
Arch
Хранилище паролей доступно через диспетчер пакетов Homebrew:
Архив содержит общий makefile, для которого достаточно выполнить простую команду sudo make install.
Вы можете просмотреть репозиторий git или клонировать репозиторий:
Все выпуски помечены тегами, и теги подписаны с помощью 0xA5DE03AE.
Организация данных
Имена пользователей, пароли, PIN-коды, веб-сайты, метаданные и так далее
Хранилище паролей не требует какой-либо конкретной схемы или типа организации ваших данных, поскольку это просто текстовый файл, который может содержать произвольные данные. Хотя наиболее распространенным случаем является хранение одного пароля для каждой записи, некоторые опытные пользователи решают, что хотели бы хранить в хранилище паролей не только свой пароль, но и дополнительно хранить ответы на секретные вопросы, URL-адреса веб-сайтов и другую конфиденциальную информацию или метаданные. Поскольку хранилище паролей не требует собственной схемы, вы можете выбрать свою организацию. Существует множество допустимых структур.
Это предпочтительная организационная схема, используемая автором.
Другой подход — использовать папки и хранить каждый фрагмент данных внутри файла в этой папке. Например, Amazon / bookreader / password будет содержать пароль читателя внутри каталога Amazon / bookreader, а Amazon / bookreader / secretquestion1 будет содержать секретный вопрос, Amazon / bookreader / sensitivecode будет содержать что-то еще, связанное с учетной записью читателя и так далее. Можно так же сохранить пароль в Amazon / bookreader, а дополнительные данные — в Amazon / bookreader.meta. И еще один подход может заключаться в использовании многострочности, как описано выше, но помещать шаблон URL-адреса в имя файла, а не внутри файла.
В общем — возможности здесь чрезвычайно многочисленны, и есть много других организационных схем, не упомянутых выше; у Вас есть свобода выбора того, что лучше всего соответствует вашему рабочему процессу.
Расширения для пропуска
Сообщество создало множество таких расширений:
Совместимые клиенты
Сообщество pass собрало впечатляющий список клиентов и графических интерфейсов для различных платформ:
Переход на pass
Чтобы освободить данные о паролях из лап других (раздутых) менеджеров паролей, разные пользователи придумали разные организации хранения паролей, которые лучше всего подходят для них. Некоторые пользователи предоставили сценарии, чтобы помочь импортировать пароли из других программ:
Авторские права и лицензия
pass был написан Джейсоном А. Доненфельдом из zx2c4.com и распространяется под лицензией GPLv2 +.
Внести свой вклад
Это очень активный проект со значительным количеством участников. Лучший способ внести свой вклад в хранилище паролей — это присоединиться к списку рассылки и отправлять патчи в формате git. Вы также можете присоединиться к обсуждению в #pass на Freenode.
Наши серверы можно использовать для хранения любой информации.
Зарегистрируйтесь по ссылке выше или кликнув на баннер и получите 10% скидку на первый месяц аренды сервера любой конфигурации!
Privacy Pass
A privacy-enhancing protocol and browser extension.
Privacy Pass is a browser extension with the aim of making the internet more accessible.
Updates
Oct 2020: The Privacy Pass protocol is now in the process of being standardised by the IETF in the privacypass working group. All contributions are welcome! See the GitHub page for more details.
Oct 2019: Version 2.0 of the extension is now available in Chrome and Firefox!
Privacy Pass interacts with supporting websites to introduce an anonymous user-authentication mechanism. In particular, Privacy Pass is suitable for cases where a user is required to complete some proof-of-work (e.g. solving an internet challenge) to authenticate to a service. In short, the extension receives blindly signed ‘passes’ for each authentication and these passes can be used to bypass future challenge solutions using an anonymous redemption procedure. For example, Privacy Pass is supported by Cloudflare to enable users to redeem passes instead of having to solve CAPTCHAs to visit Cloudflare-protected websites.
The blind signing procedure ensures that passes that are redeemed in the future are not feasibly linkable to those that are signed. We use a privacy-preserving cryptographic protocol based on ‘Verifiable, Oblivious Pseudorandom Functions’ (VOPRFs) built from elliptic curves to enforce unlinkability. The protocol is exceptionally fast and guarantees privacy for the user. As such, Privacy Pass is safe to use for those with strict anonymity restrictions.
The Protocol
When an internet challenge is solved correctly by a user, Privacy Pass will generate a number of random nonces that will be used as tokens. These tokens will be cryptographically blinded and then sent to the challenge provider. If the solution is valid, the provider will sign the blinded tokens and return them to the client. Privacy Pass will unblind the tokens and store them for future use.
Privacy Pass will detect when an internet challenge is required in the future for the same provider. In these cases, an unblinded, signed token will be embedded into a privacy pass that will be sent to the challenge provider. The provider will verify the signature on the unblinded token, if this check passes the challenge will not be invoked.
This protocol allows a client to bypass a number of internet challenges proportional to the number of tokens that are signed. The blinding feature used in the signing process preserves the anonymity of the user involved by randomising the tokens that are signed — rendering them unlinkable from the tokens that are redeemed.
Read the full protocol specification here and the design choices that were made here.
Paper
We have written a paper that has been accepted into the 2018 edition of the Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium (PETS2018). In the paper, we formalize the protocol and are able prove (based on discrete-log-based cryptographic assumptions) some of the security properties that we require for guaranteeing anonymity and unforgeability. We also provide more details on the implementation of the browser extension and our collaboration with Cloudflare.
Contribute
The browser extension has been open-sourced under the BSD-3 license and is available on GitHub. We have also open-sourced a reference server implementation that is compatible with the extension.
Privacy Pass and the protocol that we use have undergone extensive testing and review but this is still a relatively youthful project. In particular, the implementation of DLEQ proof verification for checking that the server is using consistent keys has not been completed yet and is still under development. As such, it is possible that you may also find other issues when using the extension or within the protocol. In the case that you do then get in contact with a member of the Privacy Pass team. Code contributions to the projects are also welcome.
Generate & keep passwords safe
AgileBits Inc.
Снимки экрана
Описание
1Password remembers all your passwords for you, and keeps them safe and secure behind the one password that only you know.
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Что нового
# 1Password 7.9.3 for iOS has been released!
As a seasonal change approaches it’s always a good idea to perform repair and upkeep on things like your home, vehicle, and yes, even an app protected by a lock that takes a very large key (or rather, a nice strong password).
Today’s release is all about maintenance, particularly improvements for the Safari Web Extension, account migration, account sign-up, and more. A bug causing the search bar and multi-item selector to hide behind the navigation bar on the Favorites and Tags tabs has also been fixed, and deleting an item will no longer cause the app to crash.
1Password never prompts you for a review because we value your workflow too much to interrupt it. If you feel generous and have a couple of minutes, please leave a review. It makes a huge difference to us. Thank you in advance.
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