Signposting language что это
Слова и выражения, которые помогут не потеряться во время IELTS Listening
Приходилось ли вам когда-нибудь потеряться в незнакомом городе? Если да, то как вам удалось добраться до нужного места? Если нет, представьте, что у вас нет ни карты, ни гаджетов. Как бы вы добрались до пункта назначения? Вероятно, вы бы начали читать знаки на дороге. Они могут рассказать вам о расстоянии до места и о том, нужно ли ехать прямо или поворачивать влево или вправо.
Многие студенты и кандидаты также часто теряются, слушая лекционные части секции IELTS Listening. Им становится трудно понять о чем идет речь, и они бросают это задание на полпути. Однако решение этой проблемы существует. Оно достаточно простое и работает не только для лекций, но и для длительных бесед. Основная идея заключается в том, чтобы слушать и ориентироваться в тексте для аудирования с помощью «signposts».
Что такое “signposts”?
Signposts или signposting language — это слова и выражения, которые говорящие обычно используют, чтобы дать возможность слушателю следить за тем, что они говорят. В секции IELTS Listening они сигнализируют об определенном типе информации в тексте. Например, есть слова, которые сигнализируют о том, что речь пойдет о новой теме или что спикер будет давать определение какому-то ключевому термину и тому подобное. Посмотрите на следующее задание и сценарий беседы. О чем нам сообщают эти «указатели»?
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Здесь докладчик предупреждает нас, что сейчас он будет говорить о процессе. Это означает, что он переходит от первой части разговора к следующей, в который мы должны заполнить схему.
Здесь мы готовы услышать, что докладчик будет говорить о первом шаге, который происходит в процессе.
Говоря сначала о расстоянии, а затем делая контраст, говорящий как бы отмечает, что сейчас будет правильный ответ на вопрос.
Здесь докладчик объясняет, что такое «salinity», и немедленно дает нам слово, которое требуется для заполнения пробела, а также дает дефиницию.
Так видите ли вы теперь, что тест IELTS Listening отчаянно пытается показать вам, где находятся правильные ответы?
Слова и выражения помогают предсказать, что будет сказано дальше. Наконец, слушая их, вы четко понимаете о чем говорит докладчик, будь то сравнение, добавления информации или просто последовательность, и вы начинаете видеть всю картину. Даже если вы потерялись в лекции или разговоре, если вы начнете обращать внимание на signposting language, это обязательно поможет вам лучше понять о чем идет речь в лекции, и кроме того поможет вам снова сосредоточиться.
Распространенные слова и выражения, помогающие ориентироваться в тексте
How to give a presentation: signpost language
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Love Speaking
In our last post, Love Speaking gave you 9 tips on how to make a great presentation in English. To continue on from this post, we’re now going to look at some signpost language that we use in presentations, to allow our audience to know what we are talking about and add structure.
This is important as a presentation without a clear structure will lose the interest of your audience, and you will find yourself talking to a room of people looking at their phones, playing with their hair, doodling, etc. So, next time you have to make a presentation, use some of this signpost language to help keep your audience orientated and engaged.
Starting the presentation & welcoming
Good morning/afternoon/night and welcome to [name of company/presentation/place].
What I’m going to talk about today is …
Today I’m going to discuss…
The topic of my presentation today is …
Introducing yourself
My name is [name] and I am from [company], where I’m responsible for..
I’m [name]. I’m a [job position] at [company].
Let me introduce myself; I’m [name] and I work at [company], where I work in [name of the department].
Presenting the topic
Today, I’ll be talking about/discussing [topic]
I’m here to illustrate how…
What I’m going to be talking about today is…
The purpose of today’s presentation is…
My objective is to…
In today’s presentation, I’d like to talk to you about/show you/demonstrate…
Outlining the content of the presentation
In today’s presentation I’m going to cover [three] points:
Firstly, I’ll be looking at…
Secondly, we’ll consider…
Then, I’ll explain how…
And finally, I’ll demonstrate how..
Introducing the first point
So let’s start, shall we?
Explaining graphs, images or data
This graph/image/video/data demonstrates…
I’d like to illustrate this by showing you…
Concluding a point
So, that concludes [name of section]…
That’s everything for [name of section]…
We’ve now covered [name of section]…
I think that just about covers [name of section]…
Moving on to the next point
Now, let’s move on to…
Now that we’ve discussed [previous point], I’d like to move on to/talk about…
I’d like now to discuss…
Concluding and summarising the presentation
Well, that brings us to the end of the final section. Now, I’d like to summarise by…
That concludes my presentation. Now, if I can just summarise the main points…
I think we’ve just about seen everything now. Let’s take a look back at what we’ve seen…
Inviting questions
We’ve got a few minutes for questions.
Does anyone have any questions?
If anyone has any questions, I’d be happy to answer them.
Are there any questions?
Thanking your audience and hosts
I’d like to say thank you to everyone who has come today.
I’d also like to thank [host] for letting us be here today.
I hope that the presentation has been interesting/informative, thank you for coming.
Finally, I’d like to finish by thanking you all for coming…
Thank you for your attention/time.
I hope to see you all soon.
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Types of Signposting: 10 Examples of Signposts in Speech
Have you ever noticed that sometimes it feels like the presenter is guiding you on a journey with his or her speech? When considering a speech, a signpost is crucial as it helps to keep the audience’s attention and navigate them through the speech.
What is signposting in Speech?
A signpost is a verbal statement or visual cue used by the speaker to guide or engage the audience while bringing them through the various stages of a speech or presentation.
Signposts can be displayed as a physical change of direction or a deliberate movement of the speaker. It is a speech technique that helps you connect what you’re about to say next with what you said previously.
In this article, you will learn more about the types of signposts and the examples of signposting for effective audience engagement.
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Types of Signposting in Speech
1. Single words signposting
You can use signpost during a speech with single words like; initially, however, furthermore, etc.
2. Short phrases signposting
Signposting can be achieved with short phrases such as; in conclusion, in contrast, an additional point is, etc.
3. Whole sentence/Long phrases signposting
Long phrases can also be used for signposting, and they include: having discussed the liability of the research, I want to leave you with the following thoughts, this report will next address its validity, etc.
4. Visual Cues Signposting
Visual images or text can be used when delivering presentations or speeches with supplementary visual aids. I can signal to the audience that it’s time for a Q&A without necessarily saying it, by just pausing and sharing the slide that says/shows it.
How to Effectively use Signposting in Public Speaking
Alex Lyon, Communication skills expert and coach, shares a ton of valuable insights and tips on youtube about how to become a better speaker and presenter. Here’s a video on how to more effectively use signposts in public speaking.
Examples of Signposts in Speech
After concluding a point or an idea, and you are about to go onto the next point during a speech, the audience must know you are moving to a new point.
Examples to use while moving on to a new point:
“Now, let’s move on to point number 3, where we will be discussing…”
“Moving on to the next point”
“Now that we have discussed…, I would like to talk about…”
From these examples, you can see how indicative the language of movement is, taking the audience from one point to another.
If you need to go into details on a point or about a topic, the use of signposts gives the audience the signal of expansion.
“Let me talk more in-depth about…”
“By focusing on…in detail, …”
“To be more precise….”
“Expanding on that point…”
Using these signposts will enable the audience to know there is more information coming on a particular topic or area. It also makes the audience aware that the speaker is still on the same topic but will be discussing it in more details.
When you make a point during a speech, you might want to give an alternative view of that point you made. With this, you give the audience the opportunity to evaluate both sides.
“Nonetheless/Nevertheless, …”
“Conversely, …”
“However, …”
“In contrast, …”
“Alternatively, …”
When trying to change a topic completely, it is of high importance that the audience are aware so that they can go along with you on the journey.
When giving a speech, it is often proper to go off tangent for a moment. The purpose of going off point is to express another crucial point that is loosely related to the main topic.
“As a side note…”
“Going off on a tangent, I would like to discuss…”
“Let me deviate…”
Going off on a tangent during a speech sometimes help get or bring back the audience’s attention.
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After making a point during a speech, you might want to add a related point to the one made already. By so doing you create a connection between both points.
“Similarly, …”
“To further understand the…”
“Moreover …”
A weighty technique used in a speech is repetition as it helps to pass across important messages to the audience.
“This is really important, therefore, I am going to say it again…”
“Recapping on the previous point I made about…”
“Let me repeat that…”
Sometimes during a speech, there might be the need to tap from an earlier given example in order to make your points well understood by the audience.
“Remember when I said…”
“Let’s go back to the story where I…”
“Going back to the time when…”
This mostly occurs when you tell a story at the beginning of your speech. You may be able to draw a lot of learnings from that particular story.
Summaries are quite important when giving a speech. You create a point, elaborate the point, and then summarize that very point.
Summarizing a speech gives the audience a better understanding of the information you have passed across to them in a nutshell.
“In summary, …”
“Summarizing what we talked about…”
“To summarize the report…”
When rounding up a speech, it is of great importance to use a concluding signpost as it enables the audience to know you are about to end your speech.
“As I conclude…”
“In conclusion…”
“To close this off…”
“From this, it could be concluded that…”
“In closing, let me say…”
When the audience hears a concluding signpost, they often pay more attention because they can pick up somethings they must have missed during the main speech.
One of the Types of Signposting – Visual Signposts in Speech
It’s not just about what we say to connect to the next phase of our speech that is included in the different signposts we can use in a speech or presentation, but also what we show.
For instance, as you are closing your presentation and share your final remarks, you may go into a Q&A session and showcase an image saying that. (We shared this above)
After going through all the phases of delivery of your speech, you can also share a final THANK YOU slide, which will signal the END of your presentation for the audience.
Conclusion
During a speech, signposting is of high relevance as it is the verbal statement that can be used to engage the audience. It aims to draw in and maintain the audiences’ attention all through the speech.
A speech without a clear structure will fail to win the audience’s interest, whereas an effectively used signposting gives the audience confidence and helps them navigate their way through the speech.
References and Further Reading
Signposting language что это
Signposting languageВ is the words and phrases that people use in order to guide the listener coherently through what is being said.В
It is used to make clear what has just happened, and what is going to happen next.В
So in other words, it acts as aВ guideВ so the listener can follow what you are saying.
Why is this important for IELTS?
In section 4 of the listening you have to listen to a talk in anВ academic setting, such as a university.
It is usually a lecture by a professor, a presentation by a student, or a talk by a university staff member. So it is possible that signposting will be used within this.
This lesson is designed to help you with Section 4 IELTS listenings that are a lecture, though the language for a presentation or talk may be the same or similar.
If you know the type of language that is used to guide you, it will help you to follow the lecture.
This is particuarly important if your listening skills are weaker than they should be because you will easily get lost if you don’t know where you are.
Also, the lecture may be split into two parts (see for example the section 4 of this lecture).
It may be the case that these two sections follow the sections that the speaker divides their talk into i.e. two parts. Knowing then the lecture structure and the language the speaker uses to tell you they are moving onto the second section will help you to follow where you are.
The signposting language we’ll look at in this lesson is the words and phrases that introduce the topics and subsections of the lecture.
Examples of Lecture Signposting Language
This table sets out some of the key language that guides you on the overall topic and content of the lecture, and when different sections of the lecture are being discussed.
The table includes the signposting language to signal the end of the talk. However you are every unlikly to hear this used in IELTS because as section 4 of the listening is only around 4-5 minutes, you only usually hear the first part of the lecture or presentation.
Remember there are lots of different ways to say these things, so what you hear could be phrased slightly differently.
Signposting Examples
To signal the end of the talk / Summing up
Practice
Have a listen to the start of this lecture. What is the signposting language used?
So you need to listen and identify the phrases or words you here such as «What I’m going to be talking about today is…«, «I’m going to divide this talk into three parts«, «To begin. » etc.
Write it in the box below.
Practice One
1. Phrase or word used to Introduce the topic:
2. Phrase or word used to introduce the first section:
1. Tonight I’m going to talk to you about that remarkable continent, Antarctica.
Practice Two
1. Phrase or word used to Introduce the topic:
2. Phrase or word used to explain the lecture strucure:
1. I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape.
2. There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk.
Practice Three
1. Phrase or word used to Introduce the topic:
2 & 3. Two phrases or words used to explain the lecture strucure:
1. And this morning we’re continuing with a look at life in the area called the East End.
2. I’ll start with a brief history of the district
3. and then focus on life in the first half of the 20th century.
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Presentation Skills: How to use signpost language to structure your presentation.
© Copyright Chris Martin and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence.
I have been coaching an online client on her Business English writing skills recently and we’ve now turned to presentation skills. During our discussion, she asked me if we could go over some expressions she could use to steer her audience through her presentation.
The following expressions provide a framework that you can use for your next presentation. Let’s explore.
Introduction
Can everyone see? Well, good morning ladies and gentlemen. Thank you for coming.
Before we start I’d like to introduce myself. My name is…..and I am the….(position) of…..(company)
I am here today to talk about….
I’m going to look at three main areas.
First, I’ll talk about …..
Then I’ll cover ….
And finally …….
My presentation will take around 10 minutes. If you have any questions, I’ll be happy to answer them at the end of my talk.
Main presentation
First of all, I’d like to look at …
Any questions so far?
Secondly, …..
I must emphasize that ….
The question is ….
Explaining images, graphs or data
I’d like you to look at….You will see from this chart that…..
As you can see from the graph,…
The figures show that…..
Basic signposts
If I can side-track/digress for a moment ….
As I mentioned earlier ….
I’ll come back to that in a moment …
Now let’s move on to the question of ……..
I’d now like to turn to…
Let me expand on this point…
Let me elaborate on that ….
Let’s recap on those last points
This brings me to my last point, which is ….
As you know,…
In general,…
On the other hand,…
Finally,….
Conclusion
In conclusion, let me briefly go through the main points again. First I talked about…. then I described …. and finally I ….
Right, I think that’s everything. Let me finish by thanking you very much for your attention. And now, if there are any questions, I’ll be happy to try and answer them.
Dealing with questions
Could you be a little more specific?
Can I just check what you’re asking?
You’ve raised an important point there. Could I ask what your own view is?
Anyone like to comment on that?
Jane, this is your area. Would you like to make a comment?
We only have a few minutes left. Is there one last question?
Having this framework will help you structure your presentation and give you some simple expressions to use during your talk. Try it out and good luck!
If you found this post helpful and think that other learners could benefit, please share it. And don’t forget to subscribe to my blog if you don’t want to miss out on my weekly posts.
Source: Business Builder, Teacher’s Resource Series Modules 7-9, Paul Emmerson (1999) Macmillan