Syntax error vba что делать

Типы ошибок в VBA

При выполнении макросов Excel могут возникнуть ошибки, которые в VBA делят на три категории:

Далее мы поговорим о каждом из трёх типов ошибок VBA подробно.

Ошибки компиляции

Компилятор VBA рассматривает ошибки компиляции как недопустимые и выделяет их в коде ещё до того, как дело дойдёт до запуска макроса.

Если при написании кода допущена синтаксическая ошибка, то редактор VBA сигнализирует об этом немедленно: либо при помощи окна с сообщением, либо выделяя ошибку красным цветом, в зависимости от статуса режима Auto Syntax Check.

Примечание: При включённом режиме Auto Syntax Check каждый раз, при появлении в редакторе Visual Basic во введённом коде синтаксической ошибки, будет показано соответствующее сообщение. Если же этот режим выключен, то редактор VBA продолжит сообщать о синтаксических ошибках, просто выделяя их красным цветом. Опцию Auto Syntax Check можно включить/выключить в меню Tools > Options редактора Visual Basic.

В некоторых случаях ошибка компиляции может быть обнаружена при выполнении компиляции кода, непосредственно перед тем, как макрос будет выполнен. Обычно ошибку компиляции несложно обнаружить и исправить, потому что компилятор VBA даёт информацию о характере и причине ошибки.

Например, сообщение «Compile error: Variable not defined» при попытке запустить выполнение кода VBA говорит о том, что происходит попытка использовать или обратиться к переменной, которая не была объявлена для текущей области (такая ошибка может возникнуть только если используется Option Explicit).

Ошибки выполнения

Ошибки выполнения возникают в процессе выполнения кода и приводят к остановке выполнения программы. Этот тип ошибок VBA, как правило, также не сложно обнаружить и исправить, так как сообщается информация о характере ошибки и место в коде, где произошла остановка.

Примером такой ошибки может служить попытка выполнить деление на ноль. В результате будет показано сообщение «Run-time error ’11’: Division by zero«.

В зависимости от структуры проекта VBA, может быть предложено выполнить отладку кода (как показано на рисунке ниже). В этом случае при нажатии на кнопку Debug (в окне сообщения о необходимости отладки) будет выделена цветом строка кода, которая стала причиной ошибки VBA.

Получив такое сообщение и видя выделенную строку кода, как в приведённом выше примере, обнаружить причину ошибки будет совсем не сложно.

В случае если код сложнее, чем в нашем примере, то, чтобы получить больше информации о причине возникновения ошибки VBA, можно проверить значения используемых переменных. В редакторе VBA для этого достаточно навести указатель мыши на имя переменной, или можно открыть окно отслеживания локальных переменных (в меню редактора View > Locals Window).

Коды различных ошибок выполнения расшифрованы на сайте Microsoft Support (на английском). Наиболее часто встречающиеся ошибки VBA перечислены в этой таблице:

Перехват ошибок выполнения

Не все ошибки выполнения бывают вызваны недочётами в коде. Например, ошибки VBA не удастся избежать, если для работы макроса необходимо открыть файл с данными, а этого файла не существует. В таких случаях признаком профессионализма будет перехват ошибок и написание кода VBA, который будет выполняться при их возникновении. Таким образом, вместо неприятных сбоев будет происходить изящное завершение работы макроса.

Для того, чтобы помочь справиться с возникающими ошибками, VBA предоставляет разработчику операторы On Error и Resume. Эти операторы отслеживают ошибки и направляют выполнение макроса в специальный раздел кода VBA, в котором происходит обработка ошибки. После выполнения кода обработки ошибки, работа программы может быть продолжена с того места, где возникла ошибка, или макрос может быть остановлен полностью. Далее это показано на примере.

В этом коде производится попытка открыть файл Excel с именем Data. Если файл не найден, то пользователю будет предложено поместить этот файл в нужную папку. После того, как пользователь сделает это и нажмёт ОК, выполнение кода продолжится, и попытка открыть этот файл повторится. При желании вместо попытки открыть нужный файл, выполнение процедуры Sub может быть прервано в этом месте при помощи команды Exit Sub.

Логические ошибки

Логические ошибки (или баги) возникают в процессе выполнения кода VBA, но позволяют ему выполняться до самого завершения. Правда в результате могут выполняться не те действия, которые ожидалось, и может быть получен неверный результат. Такие ошибки обнаружить и исправить труднее всего, так как компилятор VBA их не распознаёт и не может указать на них так, как это происходит с ошибками компиляции и выполнения.

Например, при создании макроса в процедуре случайно были просуммированы не те переменные, которые требовалось просуммировать. Результат будет ошибочным, но макрос будет продолжать выполняться до завершения.

Редактор Excel VBA предоставляет набор инструментов отладки, которые помогут найти и исправить логические ошибки в коде VBA. В данной статье мы не будем рассматривать подробно эти инструменты. Любознательный пользователь может найти обзор инструментов отладки VBA на сайте Microsoft Help & Support (на английском).

Источник

Syntax error

Visual Basic can’t determine what action to take. This error has the following causes and solutions:

A keyword or argument is misspelled.

Keywords and the names of named arguments must exactly match those specified in their syntax specifications. Check online Help, and then correct the spelling.

Punctuation is incorrect. For example, when you omit optional arguments positionally, you must substitute a comma (,) as a placeholder for the omitted argument.

Check the spelling of the procedure name.

You tried to specify both Optional and ParamArray in the same procedure declaration. A ParamArray argument can’t be Optional. Choose one and delete the other.

You tried to define an event procedure with an Optional or ParamArray parameter. Remove the Optional or ParamArray keyword from the parameter specification.

You tried to use a named argument in a RaiseEvent statement. Events do not support named arguments.

For additional information, select the item in question and press F1 (in Windows) or HELP (on the Macintosh).

Support and feedback

Have questions or feedback about Office VBA or this documentation? Please see Office VBA support and feedback for guidance about the ways you can receive support and provide feedback.

Источник

Помогите пожалуйста, выкидывает ошибку когда пишу программу на языке VBA в Excel Ошибка (Compile error: Syntax error)

‘стоимость пылесоса
Dim cena(3) Аs Double
‘количество (по декадам)
Dim koll(3,3) As Integer
‘доход за декаду
Dim doh_t(3) As Double
‘количество пылесосов за месяц
Dim doh(4) As Double
‘доход за декаду и за месяц
Dim koll_n(3) As Integer
‘декада с наибольшим доходом.
Dim tip As Integer
‘тип с наименьшим доходом
Dim dhd As Double
‘счетчики циклов
Dim i As Integer, j As Integer

For i = 1 То 3
kol_n(i) = 0
Next
For j=1 То 3 doh(j) =0
Nехt

Sheets(»Нач_д » ).Select
For i = 1 То 3
сеnа (i) = Cells(3 + i, 2)
Next
For i = 1 Тo 3
For j = 1 Тo 3
koll(i, j) = Cells(3 + i, 2 + j)
Next j
Next i

Sheets(«Результат»). Select
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(1, 1) = «Количество проданной бытовой техники»
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(2, 1) = «Наименование изделия»
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(2, 2) = «Стоимость 1 шт. «
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(2, 3) = «Проданно»
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(3, 3) = «1-ая декада»
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(3, 4) = «2-ая декада «
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(3, 5) = «3-ая декада «
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(3, 6) = «Всего»
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(4, 1) = «Пылесос 1 типа «
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(5, 1) = «Пылесос 2 типа «
Sheets(«Результат»).Cells(6, 1) = «Пылесос 3 типа «

For i = 1 То 3
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(3 + i, 2) = cena(i)
For j = 1 То 3
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(3 + i, 2 + j) = koll(i, j)
koll_n (i) = koll_n (i) + koll(i, j)
Next j
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(3 + i, 6) = koll_n(i)
Next i

Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(8,1) =«Результат в денежном эквиваленте»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(9,1) =«Наименование изделия»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(9,2) =«Стоимость 1 шт.»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(9,3) =«Доход»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(10,3) = «1-ая декада»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(10,4) =«2-ая декада»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(10,5) =«3-ая декада»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(14,6) =«Всего»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(11,1) =«Пылесос 1 типа»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(12,1) =«Пылесос 2 типа»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(13,1) =«Пылесос 3 типа»
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(14,1) =«ИТОГО»

For i = 1 То 3 For j = 1 То 3
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(10 + i, 2 + j) = koll(i, j) * сеna(i)
doh(j) = doh(j) + koll(i, j) * сеna(i)
doh(4) = doh(4) + koll(i, j) * сеnа (i)
Next j
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(10 + i, 2) = сеnа (i)
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(10 + i, 6) = сеnа (i) * koll_n (i)
doh_t (i) = сеnа (i) * koll_n (i)
Next i

For j = 1 То 3
Sheets(«Результат»).Сеlls(11, 5 + j) = doh(j)
If –doh_t(j) Голосование за лучший ответ

Источник

Excel VBA Error Handling – All You Need to Know!

No matter how experienced you’re with VBA coding, errors are always going to be a part of it.

The difference between a novice and an expert VBA programmer is that the expert programmers know how to effectively handle and use errors.

In this tutorial, I will show you various ways you can use to handle errors effectively in Excel VBA.

Before we get into VBA error handling, let’s first understand the different types of errors you are likely to encounter when programming in Excel VBA.

This Tutorial Covers:

Types of VBA Errors in Excel

There are four types of errors in Excel VBA:

Let’s quickly understand what these errors are and when you’re likely to encounter these.

Syntax Error

A syntax error, as the name suggests, occurs when VBA finds something wrong with the syntax in the code.

For example, if you forget a part of the statement/syntax that is needed, then you will see the compile error.

In the below code, as soon as I hit enter after the second line, I see a compile error. This is because the IF statement needs to have the ‘Then‘ command, which is missing in the below code.

To make sure you see the syntax error whenever there is something missing, you need to make sure Autosyntax check is enabled. To do this, click on ‘Tools’ and then click on ‘Options’. In the options dialog box, make sure that the ‘Auto Syntax Check’ option is enabled.

If the ‘Auto Syntax Check’ option is disabled, VBA will still highlight the line with the syntax error in red, but it will not show the error dialog box.

Compile Error

Compile errors occur when something is missing that is needed for the code to run.

For example, in the below code, as soon as I try to run the code, it will show the following error. This happens as I have used the IF Then statement without closing it with the mandatory ‘End If’.

VBA checks each line as you’re typing the code and highlights the syntax error as soon as the line is incorrect and you hit enter. Compile errors, on the other hand, are only identified when the entire code is analyzed by VBA.

Below are some scenarios where you’ll encounter the compile error:

Run Time Errors

Runtime errors are those that occur when the code is running.

Run time errors will occur only when all the syntax and compile errors are being taken care of.

For example, if you run code that is supposed to open an Excel workbook, but that workbook is unavailable (either deleted or name changed), your code would give you a runtime error.

When a runtime error occurs, it will stop the code and show you the error dialog box.

The message in the Run-time error dialog box is a little more helpful. It tries to explain the problem that can help you correct it.

If you click on the Debug button, it will highlight the part of the code that is leading to the error.

If you have corrected the error, you can click on the Run button in the toolbar (or press F5) to continue running the code from where it left.

Or you can also click on the End button to come out of the code.

Logical Errors

Logical errors would not make your code stop but can lead to wrong results. These could also be the most difficult types of errors to troubleshoot.

These errors are not highlighted by the compiler and need to be manually tackled.

One example of logical error (that I often find myself stuck with) is running into an endless loop.

Another example could be when it gives a result which is wrong. For example, you may end up using a wrong variable in the code or add two variables where one is incorrect.

There are a few ways I use to tackle logical errors:

Using Debug to Find Compile/Syntax Errors

Once you’re done with the code, it’s a good practice to first compile it before running.

To compile a code, click on the Debug option in the toolbar and click on Compile VBAProject.

When you compile a VBA project, it goes through the code and identifies errors (if any).

In case it finds an error, it will show you a dialog box with the error. It finds errors one by one. So if it finds an error and you have corrected it, you need to run compile again to find other errors (if there are).

When you’re code is free of errors, the Compile VBAProject option will be greyed out.

Note that Compiling will only find ‘Syntax’ errors and ‘Compile’ errors. It will NOT find the run-time errors.

When you’re writing VBA code, you don’t want the errors to crop up. To avoid this, there are many error-handling methods you can use.

In the next few sections of this article, I will be covering the methods you can use for VBA error handling in Excel.

Configure Error Settings (Handled Vs Unhandled Errors)

Before you start working with your code, you need to check for one setting in Excel VBA.

Go to the VBA toolbar and click on Tools and then click on Options.

In the Options dialog box, click on the General tab and make sure that within the ‘Error Trapping’ group, ‘Break on Unhandled Errors’ is checked.

Let me explain the three options:

So in a nutshell – if you’re just starting with Excel VBA, ensure ‘Break on Unhandled Errors’ is checked.

VBA Error Handling with ‘On Error’ Statements

When your code encounters an error, there are a few things you can do:

Both of these error handling methods ensures that the end user will not get to see an error.

There are a few ‘On Error’ statements that you can use to get these done.

On Error Resume Next

When you use ‘On Error Resume Next’ in your code, any encountered error will be ignored and the code will continue to run.

This error handling method is used quite often, but you need to be cautious when using it. Since it completely ignores any error that may occur, you may not be able to identify the errors that need to be corrected.

For example, if the below code is run, it will return an error.

This happens because you can not divide a number by zero.

But if I use the ‘On Error Resume Next’ statement in this code (as shown below), it will ignore the error and I will not know that there is an issue that needs to be corrected.

On Error Resume Next should be used only when you clearly know the kind of errors your VBA code is expected to throw and it’s alright to ignore it.

For example, below is the VBA event code that would instantly add the date and time value in cell A1 of a newly inserted sheet (this code is added in the worksheet and not in a module).

While this works great in most cases, it would show an error if I add a chart sheet instead of a worksheet. Since a chart sheet does not have cells, the code would throw an error.

So, if I use the ‘On Error Resume Next’ statement in this code, it will work as expected with worksheets and do nothing with chart sheets.

Note: On Error Resume Next Statement is best used when you know what kind of errors you’re likely to encounter. And then if you think it’s safe to ignore these errors, you can use it.

You can take this code to the next level by analyzing if there was an error, and displaying a relevant message for it.

The below code would show a message box that would inform the user that a worksheet has not been inserted.

‘Err.Number’ is used to get the error number and ‘Err.Description’ is used to get the error description. These will be covered later in this tutorial.

On Error GoTo 0

‘On Error GoTo 0’ will stop the code on the line that causes the error and shows a message box that describes the error.

In simple terms, it enables the default error checking behavior and shows the default error message.

Then why even use it?

Normally, you don’t need to use ‘On Error Goto 0’, but it can be useful when you use it in conjunction with ‘On Error Resume Next’

The below code would select all the blank cells in the selection.

But it would show an error when there are no blank cells in the selected cells.

So to avoid showing the error, you can use On Error Resume next’

Now, it will also show any error when you run the below code:

The problem arises when there is a part of the code where error can occur, and since you’re using ‘On Error Resume Next’, the code would simply ignore it and move to the next line.

For example, in the below code, there would no error prompt:

In the above code, there are two places where an error can occur. The first place is where we are selecting all blank cells (using Selection.SpecialCells) and the second is in the remaining code.

While the first error is expected, any error after that is not.

This is where On Error Goto 0 comes to rescue.

When you use it, you reset the error setting to default, where it will start showing errors when it encounters it.

For example, in the below code, there would be no error in case there are no blank cells, but there would be an error prompt because of ’10/0′

On Error Goto [Label]

The above two methods – ‘On Error Resume Next’ and ‘On Error Goto 0’ – doesn’t allow us to truly handle the error. One makes the code ignore the error and the second one resume error checking.

On Error Go [Label] is a way with which you can specify what you want to do in case your code has an error.

Below is the code structure that uses this error handler:

Note that before the Error handling ‘Label’, there is an Exit Sub. This ensures that in case there are no errors, the sub is exited and the ‘Label’ code is not executed. In case you don’t use Exit Sub, it will always execute the ‘Label’ code.

In the example code below, when an error occurs, the code jumps and executes the code in the handler section (and shows a message box).

Note that when an error occurs, the code has already run and executed the lines before the line causing the error. In the above example, the code sets the value of X as 12, but since the error occurs in the next line, it doesn’t set the values for Y and Z.

Once the code jumps to the error handler code (ErrMsg in this example), it will continue to execute all the lines in and below the error handler code and the exit the sub.

This one is a bit complicated, and in most cases, you’re unlikely to use this.

But I will still cover this as I have faced a situation where this was needed (feel free to ignore and jump to the next section if you’re only looking for basics).

Before I get into the mechanics of it, let me try and explain where can it be useful.

Suppose you have a code where an error is encountered. But all is good as you have one error handler in place. But what happens when there is another error in the error handler code (yeah.. somewhat like the inception movie).

In such a case, you can not use the second handler as the first error has not been cleared. So while you have handled the first error, in VBA’s memory it still exists. And the VBA memory only has a place for one error – not two or more than that.

It clears the error and frees up VBA memory to handle the next error.

Let’s me explain now by using examples.

Suppose I have the below code. This will throw an error as there is division by zero.

So to handle it, I use an error handler code (with the name ErrMsg) as shown below:

All is good now again. As soon as the error occurs, the error handler is used and shows a message box as shown below.

Now, I expand the code so that I have more code in or after the error handler.

Since the first error has been handled but the second has not been, I again see an error as shown below.

Still all good. The code is behaving in the way we expected it to.

So to handle the second error, I use another error handler (ErrMsg2).

And this is where it doesn’t work as expected.

If you run the above code, it will still give you a run-time error, even after having the second error handler in place.

This happens as we didn’t clear the first error from VBA’s memory.

Yes, we handled it! But it still remains in the memory.

And when VBA encounters another error, it’s still stuck with the first error, and hence the second error handler is not used. The code stops at the line that caused the error and shows the error prompt.

So if you add this line in the below code and run it, it will work as expected.

The Err Object

Whenever an error occurs with a code, it’s the Err object that is used to get the details about the error (such as the error number or the description).

Err Object Properties

The Err Object has the following properties:

While in most cases you don’t need to use Err object, it can sometimes be useful while handling errors in Excel.

For example, suppose you have a dataset as shown below and for each number, in the selection, you want to calculate the square root in the adjacent cell.

The below code can do it, but since there is a text string in cell A5, it shows an error as soon as this occurs.

The problem with this type of error message is that it gives you nothing about what has gone wrong and where the issue occurred.

You can use the Err object to make these error messages more meaningful.

For example, if I now use the below VBA code, it will stop the code as soon as the error occurs and show a message box with the cell address of the cell where there is an issue.

The above code would give you a lot more information than the simple ‘Type Mismatch’, especially the cell address so that you know where the error occurred.

You can further refine this code to make sure your code runs until the end (instead of breaking at each error) and then gives you a list of cell address where the error occurs.

The below code would do this:

The above code runs until the end and gives the square root of all the cells that have numbers in it (in the adjacent column). It then shows a message that lists all the cells where there was an error (as shown below):

Err Object Methods

While the Err properties are useful to show useful information about the errors, there are two Err methods as well that can help you with error handling.

Let’s quickly learn what these are and how/why to use these with VBA in Excel.

Err Clear Method

Suppose you have a dataset as shown below and you want to get the square root of all these numbers in the adjacent column.

The following code will get the square roots of all the numbers in the adjacent column and show a message that an error occurred for cell A5 and A9 (as these have text in it).

Note that I have used the Err.Clear method within the If Then statement.

Once an error has occurred and trapped by the If condition, Err.Clear method resets the error number back to 0. This ensures that IF condition only trap the errors for cells where it is raised.

Had I not used the Err.Clear method, once the error occurs, it would always be true in the IF condition, and the error number has not been reset.

Err Raise Method

The Err.Raise method allows you to raise a run-time error.

Below is the syntax of using the Err.Raise method:

Err.Raise [number], [source], [description], [helpfile], [helpcontext]

All these arguments are optional and you can use these to make your error message more meaningful.

But why would you ever want to raise an error yourself?

You can use this method when there is an instance of an error (which means that there is going to an error anyway) and then you use this method to tell the user more about the error (instead of the less helpful error message that VBA shows by default).

For example, suppose you have a dataset as shown below and you want all the cells to have numeric values only.

The above code would show an error message that has the specified description and the context file.

Personally, I have never used Err.Raise as I mostly work with Excel only. But for someone who uses VBA to work with Excel along with other applications such as Outlook, Word or PowerPoint, this can be useful.

Here is a detailed article on Err.Raise method in case you want to learn more.

VBA Error Handling Best Practices

No matter how skilled you get a writing VBA code, errors are always going to be a part of it. The best coders are those who have the skills to handle these errors properly.

Here are some best practices you can use when it comes to error handling in Excel VBA.

Hope you found this Excel article useful!

Here are some more Excel VBA Tutorials that you may like:

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