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См. также в других словарях:
topic sentence — n. the principal sentence, setting forth the main idea and coming usually at the beginning, in a paragraph or section of a discourse, esp. of an expository nature … English World dictionary
Topic sentence — The topic sentence is a primarily prescriptive grammatical term to describe what is usually, but not always, the first sentence in a paragraph. The topic sentence acts as a kind of summary and offers the reader an insightful view of the writer’s… … Wikipedia
topic sentence — noun a sentence that states the topic of its paragraph • Hypernyms: ↑sentence … Useful english dictionary
topic sentence — a sentence that expresses the essential idea of a paragraph or larger section, usually appearing at the beginning. Also, topical sentence. [1915 20] * * * … Universalium
topic sentence — noun Date: 1885 a sentence that states the main thought of a paragraph or of a larger unit of discourse and is usually placed at or near the beginning … New Collegiate Dictionary
topic sentence — noun A sentence at the beginning of a paragraph indicating the general matter to be discussed later in that paragraph … Wiktionary
topic sentence — top′ic sen′tence n. a sentence that expresses the essential idea of a paragraph or larger section, usu. at the beginning • Etymology: 1915–20 … From formal English to slang
Topic — can refer to: * An area of interest, also called a subject ** The focus of an article in a publication ** The focus of a discussion or debate; see On topic * Topic (or theme) in linguistics, the part of a proposition that is being talked about… … Wikipedia
Sentence element — Sentence elements are the groups of words that combine together to comprise the ‘building units’ of a well formed sentence. A sentence element approach to grammar assumes a top down methodology. In other words, it starts with the sentence as a… … Wikipedia
Sentence spacing — Double sentence spaced typewriter text (1946) vs. single sentence spaced typeset text (1979) Sentence spacing is the horizontal space between sentences in typeset text. It is a matter of typographical convention … Wikipedia
topic sentence
Смотреть что такое «topic sentence» в других словарях:
topic sentence — n. the principal sentence, setting forth the main idea and coming usually at the beginning, in a paragraph or section of a discourse, esp. of an expository nature … English World dictionary
Topic sentence — The topic sentence is a primarily prescriptive grammatical term to describe what is usually, but not always, the first sentence in a paragraph. The topic sentence acts as a kind of summary and offers the reader an insightful view of the writer’s… … Wikipedia
topic sentence — noun a sentence that states the topic of its paragraph • Hypernyms: ↑sentence … Useful english dictionary
topic sentence — a sentence that expresses the essential idea of a paragraph or larger section, usually appearing at the beginning. Also, topical sentence. [1915 20] * * * … Universalium
topic sentence — noun Date: 1885 a sentence that states the main thought of a paragraph or of a larger unit of discourse and is usually placed at or near the beginning … New Collegiate Dictionary
topic sentence — noun A sentence at the beginning of a paragraph indicating the general matter to be discussed later in that paragraph … Wiktionary
topic sentence — top′ic sen′tence n. a sentence that expresses the essential idea of a paragraph or larger section, usu. at the beginning • Etymology: 1915–20 … From formal English to slang
Topic — can refer to: * An area of interest, also called a subject ** The focus of an article in a publication ** The focus of a discussion or debate; see On topic * Topic (or theme) in linguistics, the part of a proposition that is being talked about… … Wikipedia
Sentence element — Sentence elements are the groups of words that combine together to comprise the ‘building units’ of a well formed sentence. A sentence element approach to grammar assumes a top down methodology. In other words, it starts with the sentence as a… … Wikipedia
Sentence spacing — Double sentence spaced typewriter text (1946) vs. single sentence spaced typeset text (1979) Sentence spacing is the horizontal space between sentences in typeset text. It is a matter of typographical convention … Wikipedia
Topic Sentence: Definition, Examples and Useful Tips for Writing A Topic Sentence
When writing, there are many aspects which we need to take into consideration. One such aspect is the topic sentence, but how do we use this? In this article, we are looking at what the topic sentence is and how it is used within a piece of writing. We are also going to be looking at a variety of examples to give us a better understanding of its function.
Topic Sentence
What Is A Topic Sentence?
Some might say that the topic sentence is one of the most important aspects and definitely the most vital sentence within a paragraph. In some cases, you might hear the topic sentence is referred to as the focus sentence but these are essentially the same thing.
A topic sentence is used to summarise all of the information within a paragraph. When writing in a more formal style, the topic sentence will usually feature at the beginning of the paragraph, although this is not a set rule.
What Is A Topic Sentence Used For?
A writer will use a topic sentence as a way of explaining to the audience what the paragraph is going to be about. Any sentences which appear after the topic sentence should give further information about the topic sentence or should give facts about it in order to prove the claim that it has made. The following sentences might also serve as a way to further describe the topic sentence by giving more details about it. For example, if the topic sentence is about animals kept as domestic pets, the following sentences should relate back to that subject.
On top of this, the topic sentence should always refer back to the thesis statement which was made at the beginning of the essay. You can imagine the thesis statement as being a map which directs the reader as to where you are going with the information and how it is being treated.
Controlling Ideas
When writing a topic sentence, each one should feature a controlling idea. This will serve as an indicator as to where the rest of the paragraph will go and what will be discussed.
Topic Sentences Examples
Now that we are clear on what a topic sentence is, we are going to take a look at some examples to further grow our understanding of them.
The controlling topic here is that there are ‘a lot of reasons’ and the topic is that a certain town is the most polluted.
The topic of this sentence is being an effective manager and it has a controlling idea of ‘certain qualities.’
This sentence has a topic of global warming whilst the controlling idea is related to ‘factors which contribute.’
The topic of this sentence in that teen pregnancy can be improved and the controlling idea is ‘improving education.’
How To Write A Topic Sentence
When it comes to writing a good topic sentence, there are many things that you should take into consideration before you put pen to paper. We are now going to look at the various steps you should take in order to write an effective and strong topic sentence.
Write Your Thesis Statement
Before you can write a topic sentence, you must have a thesis statement. This should be strong and be effective in summing up the purpose of the essay as well as the main argument.
Outline Your Essay And Draft Out The Topic Sentences
The next step is to create your essay outline, this will give your essay structure and will allow you to detail what is going to be discussed in each paragraph. You will also make note of what data and evidence will be included in each of the paragraphs.
This is the point where you can play with words and draft up some topic sentences for each of your paragraphs. A topic sentence needs to be much more specific than your thesis statement but it should relate clearly to it.
Expand With Some Evidence
The remaining sentences within your paragraph should logically flow from the original topic sentence. They should be used to expand on what has been said in the topic sentence. This will not only make your workflow but will also ensure that each paragraph remains focused and relevant to the topic sentence. You should give some evidence to support your topic sentence.
Revise The Topic Sentences
What your topic sentence looks like to begin with may not be how it ends up in the final draft and that is OK. It is very important that you look over and edit each topic sentence within the essay as you go along. This will ensure that they remain relevant to the content of your paragraphs.
When making the final edits for your topic sentences, you should ensure that they are clear enough to allow the reader to know what the paragraph is going to be about but also not so clear that they detail everything you wish to talk about within that paragraph.
Transitions
Your topic sentence will sometimes serve as a transition between your paragraphs and in this case, they may do one of the following things:
Conclusion
A topic sentence is one which appears, usually (but not always) at the beginning of each paragraph of an essay. The topic sentence is used to layout the ideas and arguments that will be covered within the paragraph and should be carefully planned out to ensure that they are clear enough to give the reader an idea of what will be discussed but not to give away too much about the content of the paragraph. Your topic sentence may serve one of many purposes including summarising and comparing.
TOEFL. Академическое письмо. Часть 2 (Topic Sentences)
Каждое такое предложение представляет собой summary цели и содержания всего параграфа. Topic sentence задает рамки содержанию и обладает следующими характеристиками:
1. Это первое предложение в параграфе (за исключением введения, которое имеет имеет особую структуру)
2. Topic sentence представляет собой некое общее заявление, которое по своему масштабу шире, чем все остальные предложения в параграфе. Иначе говоря, все остальные предложения должны содержать детали, поддерживающие информацию, заявленную в topic sentence.
4. Контролирующая идея должна повторяться (предпочтительно в качестве субъекта/подлежащего) в последующих предложениях параграфа.
Чаще всего, topic sentence служит средством введения темы, которая до этого не обсуждалась. Пройдя по этой ссылке, вы увидите примеры topic sentence и то, каким образом может быть организован параграф к конкретному предложению:
Также topic sentneces могут быть представлением списка некоторого количества пунктов. Например, если вам в параграфе нужно перечислить несколько причин, обязательно заявите о вашем намерении в topic sentence, как в следующем предложении: There are several reasons for immigrating to Finland, namely the widespread use of English, social benefits, and the friendly character of its people. Сразу становится понятно, о чем и в каком порядке писать в этом параграфе. Пример такого параграфа: 
Помимо перечисления, параграф эссе часто может делать определенное заявление (claim). Например, Finnish is an easy language to learn. Такое topic sentence подразумевает следующую структуру параграфа: вы объясняете сделанное заявление, развиваете его и доказываете его правильность с помощью конкретных примеров и деталей. Параграф, организованный таким образом:
Стоит напомнить, что простое четко сформулированное topic sentence облегчает задачу как автору, так и читателю: вы будете точно знать, что и в какой форме написать в конкретном параграфе, а читатель будет знать, чего ему ждать от данной части эссе и соответственно лучше воспримет информацию.
Paragraph Structure. Topic Sentence
What is it?
Что это?
Параграф (абзац) представляет собой группу связанных предложений, в которых обсуждается одна (и обычно только одна) основная идея. Параграф может состоять минимум из 1 предложения, максимум, в свою очередь, не ограничен, однако он должен быть достаточно длинным, чтобы четко сформулировать основную идею.
Все параграфы содержат вводное и вспомогательные предложения, а в некоторых абзацах также содержится заключительное предложение.
A paragraph is a group of related sentences that discuss one (and usually only one) main idea. A paragraph can be as short as one sentence or as long as ten sentences.
The number of sentences is unimportant; however, the paragraph should be long enough to develop the main idea clearly.
All paragraphs have a topic sentence and supporting sentences, and some paragraphs also have a concluding sentence.
What does it consist of?
Из чего состоит?
Topic sentence
Вводное предложение
Вводное предложение содержит основную идею параграфа. Однако оно не только обозначает его общую тему, но и ее конкретную специфическую область этой темы – контрольную идею.
Обратите внимание на пример ниже: “золото” – это тема, “две важные характеристики” – контрольная идея, т.е. второе вытекает из первого.
Notice how the topic sentence of the model states both the topic and the controlling idea:
Три вещи характеризуют вводное предложение:
Вводное предложение – это полное предложение: оно содержит хотя бы одно существительное и сказуемое. Также оно почти всегда стоит в начале параграфа.
Вводное предложение содержит как тему, так и контрольную идею. Он называет тему, а затем ограничивает тему определенной областью, которая будет обсуждаться в параграфе.
Например: There are several reasons for immigrating to Finland, namely the widespread use of English, social benefits, and the friendly character of its people. Сразу ясно, о чем и в каком порядке писать в этом параграфе.
Вводное предложение – наиболее общее в параграфе, поскольку оно дает только основную идею и никаких конкретных подробностей.
Вводное предложение – это как название конкретного блюда в меню. Когда вы заказываете еду в ресторане, вы хотите узнать больше о конкретном блюде, и вам будет недостаточно таких названий как просто «мясо», «суп» или «салат». Вам нужно знать, что это конкретно за салат: может, картофельный салат, овощной или фруктовый? Вам не настолько интересны конкретные ингредиенты, насколько общая информация о блюде.
Вот пример отличного вводного предложения:
Арабское происхождение многих английских слов не всегда очевидно.
А вот следующее предложение является слишком конкретным. Ему больше подойдет роль поддерживающего предложения, а не вводного:
Сленговое выражение so long («До свидания»), вероятно, является искажением арабского слова “Салама”.
А это предложение, напротив, является слишком общим, чтобы быть вводным:
На английский язык оказали влияние многие другие языки.
Инди-фильмы характеризуются экспериментальными методами, низкими издержками производства и провокационными темами. – здесь слишком много контрольных идей, тема абзаца будет неясна
Независимые фильмы характеризуются экспериментальными методами. – хорошее вводное предложение
Here are three important points to remember about a topic sentence:
As you may have noted, topic sentences are quite often used when a certain list consisting of several points (reasons, etc.) needs to be presented.
There are several reasons for immigrating to Finland, namely the widespread use of English, social benefits, and the friendly character of its people.
This topic sentence makes it clear what will be discussed in the paragraph and in what order.
A topic sentence is the most general statement in the paragraph because it gives only the main idea. It does not give any specific details.
A topic sentence is like the name of a particular course on a restaurant menu. When you order food in a restaurant, you want to know more about a particular course than just “meat” or “soup” or “salad.” You want to know generally what kind of salad it is. Potato salad? Mixed green salad? Fruit salad? However, you do not necessarily want to know all the ingredients. Similarly, a reader wants to know generally what to expect in a paragraph, but he or she does not want to learn all the details in the first sentence.
This is a general statement that could serve as a topic sentence:
The Arabic origin of many English words is not always obvious.
The following sentence, on the other hand, is too specific. It could serve as a supporting sentence but not as a topic sentence:
The slang expression so long (meaning “goodbye”) is probably the corruption of the Arabic salaam.
This sentence is too general to be the topic one:
English has been influenced by other languages.
e.g. Indie films are characterized by experimental techniques, low production costs, and provocative themes. – too many controlling ideas
Independent films are characterized by experimental techniques. – good topic sentence
Практика / Practice
Task 1. Read the sentences in each group, and decide which sentence is the best topic sentence. Write best TS (for “best topic sentence“) on the line next to it. Decide what is wrong with the other sentences. They may be too general, or they may be too specific, or they may be incomplete sentences. Write too general, too specific, or incomplete on the lines next to them.
The first one has been done for you as an example.
Group 1
_too specific____ a. A lunar eclipse is an omen of a coming disaster.
_too general____ b. Superstitions have been around forever.
_best topic sent._ c. People hold many superstitious beliefs about the moon.
_incomplete____ d. Is made of green cheese.
Group 2
a. The history of astronomy is interesting.
b. Ice age people recorded the appearance of new moons by making scratches in animal bones.
c. For example, Stonehenge in Britain, built 3500 years ago to track the movement of the sun.
d. Ancient people observed and recorded lunar and solar events in different ways.
Group 3
a. It is hard to know which foods are safe to eat nowadays.
b. In some large ocean fish, there are high levels of mercury.
c. Undercooked chicken and hamburger may carry E. coli bacteria.
d. Not to mention mad cow disease.
e. Food safety is an important issue.
Group 4
a. Hybrid automobiles more economical to operate than gasoline-powered cars.
b. The new hybrid automobiles are very popular.
c. Hybrid cars have good fuel economy because a computer under the hood decides to run the electric motor, the small gasoline engine, or the two together.
d. The new hybrid automobiles are popular because of their fuel economy.
Group 5
a. The North American Catawba Indians of the Southeast and the Tlingit of the Northwest both see the rainbow as a kind of bridge between heaven and earth.
b. A rainbow seen from an airplane is a complete circle.
c. Many cultures interpret rainbows in positive ways.
d. Rainbows are beautiful.
e. The belief that you can find a pot of gold at a rainbow’s end.
Group 2
a. too general
b. too specific
c. incomplete
d. best topic sentence
Group 3
a. best topic sentence
b. too specific
c. too specific
d. incomplete
e. too general
Group 4
a. incomplete
b. too general
c. too specific
d. best topic sentence
Group 5
a. too specific
b. too general
c. best topic sentence
d. too general
e. incomplete