Russian air force что это
Russian Air Force
The Russian Air Force is one of the largest and the most effective military forces in the world.
Nowadays the Russian Air Force gets annually up to 150 aircraft (planes and helicopters) – not counting advanced radar facilities, low-level stations, SAM systems and anti-aircraft gun/missile systems of the latest generation.
The role of the Russian Air Force
The prime objectives of the Russian Air Force are to maintain defensive (protection against any act of aggression) and offensive (active protection) operations.
A special focus is placed on the defence of essential state, economic, industrial and military centres. The Russian vast territory makes full protection nearly impossible. Any aggressor will be certainly intercepted in the air, but if enemy aviation crosses the northern border of Siberia, its interception will take some time.
Both conventional (in particular, high-accuracy and high-capacity) and nuclear weapons can be used to hit enemy infrastructure, technique and armed forces.
It is worth mentioning that Russia has never used nuclear weapons in a military conflict.
The Russian Air Force also supports operations, sustained by other branches of the armed forces of the Russian Federation.
The Aerospace Defence Forces
This branch of the armed forces is a part of the Russian Air Force. In fact, the Aerospace Defence Forces are the very “umbrella”, protecting Russia against any space aggression.
It should be mentioned that ballistic nuclear missiles are launched into space to prevent their early interception.
However, the missiles of major nuclear powers are not the only “umbrella” target.
The “umbrella” keeps outer space under surveillance and can deal with space threats independently.
The “umbrella” is supposedly responsible for the destruction of the Chelyabinsk meteor in the upper atmosphere, otherwise wreckage on the earth would have been unavoidable (some camera footages show the trace of a rocket, lead to the meteor).
The aviation
The aviation is traditionally based on airbases.
The long-range (strategic) aviation
The long-range aviation fleet mainly consists of strategic missile carriers the Tupolev Tu-160 and Tu-95MS, long-range bombers and missile carriers the Tupolev Tu-22M3, aerial refueling tankers the Ilyushin Il-78 and reconnaissance planes the Tupolev Tu-22MR.
The photo of the Tupolev Tu-22M3
The long-range aviation is capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
The patrol area of the Russian long-rage aviation currently covers the whole world.
Nowadays the already built planes are going through serious modernization. Furthermore, Prospective Air Complex for Long Range Aviation (PAK DA) is under development.
The military transport aviation
Such military transport aircraft as the Ilyushin Il-78MD, the Antonov An-26, An-22, An-124, An-12PP and transport helicopters the Mil Mi-8MTV are in service with the Russian Air Force.
Among major objectives of military transport aviation stand maintenance of landing operations for the Russian Airborne Troops and air delivery of multipurpose cargo.
The aircraft fleet is reinforced with new planes the Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A, Il-112V and the Antonov An-70.
The tactical, army, attack, fighter and bomber aviation
These branches of the Russian Air Force meet operational, tactical and strategic challenges.
The Russian aviation is actively renewed with jet fighters the Sukhoi Su-30SM, Su-30M2, the Mikoyan MiG-29SMT, tactical bombers Su-34 and multipurpose planes Su-35S.
There are plans to supply the following helicopters Ka-52 “Alligator”, Mi-28N “Night Hunter”, Mi-8AMTSH (MTV-5-1), Mi-8MTPR, Mi-35M, Ka-226 and „Ansat-U“.
Mi-28N “Night Hunter”
Mi-28N “Night Hunter”
The Anti-aircraft Missile Troops
The Anti-aircraft Missile Troops are regarded as major fire power in the Russian Aerospace Defence system.
The modern Russian SAM (surface-to-air missile) systems S-300 and especially S-400, as well as the anti-aircraft gun/missile system “Pantsir-S1”, are capable of annihilating almost all kinds of air threats.
The photo: Self-propelled launch vehicle for S-400 system
The troops are being retooled with new systems and complexes “Pantsir-S (SM)”, S-400 and S-500.
The Russian Air Force also includes the Radio-Technical Troops and the Special Troops.
How Russians bombed Berlin
Here is a short story from the history of aviation. In 1941 World War II reached the doorstep of the Soviet Union.
After a month of the Nazi invasion Russians executed an unprecedented operation – they made an air raid on Berlin.
Joseph Goebbles’ ministry called for the total annihilation of the Soviet aviation. Being in extremely dire straits, the Red Army had to prove otherwise. However the distance to the German capital was too long.
The Russian bombers were rid of all the armour in order to decrease their weight. They flew on the maximum height. Since it was a secret operation strict radio silence was maintained.
The air raid on Berlin took place on June 26, 1941. Although the German capital got multilevel protection, the Nazis did not see the Soviet bombers coming. Air raid sirens were switched on only after bombing.
The Russian pilots had to fight their way back through a firewall. There were no casualties over the enemy territory.
Where to see? Not far from Moscow
Among tourist attractions of the town Shchyolkovo (23 miles from Moscow) is the Central Museum of the Air Force (the biggest in Europe). Its numerous exhibits, displayed in facilities and in the open air, are truly unique.
Nowadays the Russian Air Force is a complex defence system, protecting the Russian territory from all kinds of air assaults, including threats from outer space.
Some parts of this article are based on the official material taken from the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation.
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Forbes: Киев знает, что устаревшие украинские истребители бессильны против России
Россия может задействовать в наступлении против Украины сотни современных самолетов. В отличие от нее, украинские ВВС смогут выставить всего несколько десятков старых истребителей и штурмовиков.
Украинское правительство знает об этой проблеме. «В случае самого опасного сценария с развязыванием открытой вооруженной агрессии против Украины Российская Федерация сможет создать авиационную группировку в количестве до 500 самолетов», — говорится в документе украинского правительства по планированию от 2020 года, который называется «Перспективный облик Воздушных сил до 2035 года».
Российские ВВС могут включить в состав своей авиационной группировки новейшие образцы Су-34, Су-35, МиГ-35 и Су-57.
Контекст
TNI: за один год Россия уничтожила ВВС Украины
Atlantic Council: сдержать Россию поможет модернизация украинских ВВС
Business Insider: украинские ВВС признаны одними из худших в мире
В противовес этой воздушной армаде Украина может выставить всего 125 самолетов Су-24, Су-25, МиГ-29 и Су-27, доставшихся Киеву в наследство от Советского Союза в 1991 году. На тот момент возраст большинства этих машин уже составлял 10 лет. За 30 лет Украина не приобрела ни один новый истребитель или штурмовик.
«Это, в свою очередь, привело к существенному упадку национального военно-промышленного комплекса, — признало правительство. — Мы прекратили инвестировать в будущее, и создали предпосылки для возникновения критической ситуации, когда нам придется в массовом порядке и почти одновременно перевооружать ВВС, оснащая их современными образцами военной техники (прежде всего это многоцелевые истребители и зенитно-ракетные комплексы), которые национальная промышленность еще не создала и не сможет создать в требуемые сроки».
«Это вызывает необходимость приобретать такую технику за рубежом, что потребует значительных финансовых вложений», — сделало вывод правительство.
После того, как Россия в 2014 году захватила украинский Крымский полуостров, а потом поддержала антиправительственных сепаратистов в ходе продолжительной и тяжелой войны на востоке Украины, Соединенные Штаты и прочие страны НАТО предоставили Украине военную помощь на миллиарды долларов.
Но в ее число не входят ни самолеты, ни техника ПВО. Когда украинские ВВС на прошлой неделе проводили крупные учения на юге страны, они задействовали те же самые старые самолеты и ракеты.
Вооруженным силам Украины удалось закупить небольшую партию турецких боевых беспилотников ТВ-2. Они уже применили их для уничтожения артиллерии сепаратистов. Но горстка винтовых дронов ТВ-2 не идет ни в какое сравнение с сотнями российских истребителей, которые могут уже в самом начале вторжения всей своей массой обрушиться на Украину.
В середине ноября украинский министр обороны Алексей Резников отправился за помощью в Вашингтон. Сотрудник американского сената рассказал корреспонденту журнала ВВС, что Резников просил системы ПВО типа ракет средней дальности «Пэтриот».
Но Украина нуждается в срочных поставках, а это значит, что США должны как можно скорее предоставить ей системы поменьше и попроще, скажем, ПЗРК «Стингер». «Меня тревожат предстоящие два месяца, ибо нам надо сделать все возможное, чтобы переломить ситуацию», — сказал этот сотрудник из сената.
В своем документе о стратегии до 2035 года украинское правительство отметило, что к 2023 году ему следует приобрести от шести до 12 современных самолетов, чтобы начать длительный процесс замены старых машин. Но для этого в 2022 году надо будет подписать контракт. Киев не выпустил тендер на закупку новых истребителей и не отложил миллиарды долларов, необходимые для закупки самолетов и вспомогательного оборудования.
Так что если и когда Россия нападет, украинским ВВС придется отправлять в бой имеющуюся авиационную технику. Это при условии, что она сумеет подняться в воздух в условиях мощных бомбардировок.
Материалы ИноСМИ содержат оценки исключительно зарубежных СМИ и не отражают позицию редакции ИноСМИ.
Air Force
The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 16 July 1997 determined formation of a new Service of the Armed Forces (AF) on the base of the previous Air Defence Force (Russian abb. ADF) and Air Force (Russian abb. AiF). This required from their Main Staffs during the transitional period intense activity aimed at perfoming structural changes in organization of the control system and the groups of troops being created.
By March 1, 1998 the Administration of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force and the Main Staff of the Air Force were formed on the base of control bodies of the Air Defence Force and the Air Force, and the Air Defence Force and the Air Force were merged into a new Service of the Russian Armed Forces – the Air Force.
The Air Force of the Russian Federation is designed for:
The Air Force includes: the Aviation, Antiaircraft Missile and Radio-Technical Troops, which are the Arms of the Air Force, as well as the Special Forces (reconnaissance, signal communications, electronic support and automated control systems, electronic warfare, engineering, radiological, chemical and biological defence, land-surveying, search and rescue, meteorological, aeronautic, logistical), the units, subdivisions of military control bodies’ guarding, the medical and other organizations.
According to its mission and tasks the Air Force’s Aviation is divided into the long-range, front-line, military transport and army aviation, which in turn can be composed of the bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, transport and special aircraft units. The basis of the Air Force’s combat strength is presented with air bases and brigades of the Aerospace Defence.
Military
Russian Federation Air Force (RFAF) / Aviatsiya Voyenno
The Air Force includes: the Aviation, Antiaircraft Missile and Radio-Technical Troops, which are the Arms of the Air Force, as well as the Special Forces (reconnaissance, signal communications, electronic support and automated control systems, electronic warfare, engineering, radiological, chemical and biological defence, land-surveying, search and rescue, meteorological, aeronautic, logistical), the units, subdivisions of military control bodies’ guarding, the medical and other organizations.
According to its mission and tasks the Air Force’s Aviation is divided into the long-range, front-line, military transport and army aviation, which in turn can be composed of the bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, transport and special aircraft units. The basis of the Air Force’s combat strength is presented with air bases and brigades of the Aerospace Defence.
The Air Force is a branch of the Russian Armed Forces designed for aerial warfare. It’s main responsibility is to support and defend the Ground Forces and Navy. This is accomplished by delivering strikes against enemy targets, providing tactical aerial reconnaisance, gaining air superiority and acting as a deterrent, and the aerial defense of the nation’s major industrial hubs.
Air Force (VVS) personnel operate all military aircraft except units that belong to the Naval Forces. As a part of the organizational reform aimed at increasing efficiency and cutting military personnel, the Air Defense Force (PVO) was merged with the Air Force in 1998. The RVSN was made part of the VVS and is controlled by the 37th Air Army of the Air Force. Starting January 2003 all Army Aviation Units also reside under command of the Air Force. The Air Forces also provided and trained prospective cosmonauts for the Soviet space program.
By the mid-1990s the air defense forces had a total of about 200,000 troops, of whom 60,000 were conscripts, with about 850 combat aircraft, including 100 MiG-23, 425 MiG-31, and 325 Su-27 aircraft. In 1989 the Air Forces had 450,000 personnel. By 1996 the Air Forces included about 130,000 troops, of which 40,000 were conscripts. According to CFE Treaty figures, at the end of 1994 Russia’s air forces, including air defense, possessed a total of 3,283 combat aircraft.
The Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 16 July 1997 determined formation of a new Service of the Armed Forces (AF) on the base of the previous Air Defence Force (Russian abb. ADF) and Air Force (Russian abb. AiF). This required from their Main Staffs during the transitional period intense activity aimed at perfoming structural changes in organization of the control system and the groups of troops being created.
By March 1, 1998 the Administration of the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force and the Main Staff of the Air Force were formed on the base of control bodies of the Air Defence Force and the Air Force, and the Air Defence Force and the Air Force were merged into a new Service of the Russian Armed Forces – the Air Force.
According to the resolutions of the Security Council meeting of 11 August 2000, the major reform measures of the general purpose forces will be accomplished by 2006. By that time these forces will have over 800,000 servicemen, for a total reduction of 400,000 troops [possibly as soon as 2003]. The air force would lose about 40,000 under this plan.
Frontal Aviation was the Soviet Union’s tactical air force assigned to the military districts and the groups of forces. Its mission was to provide air support to Ground Forces units. Frontal Aviation cooperated closely with the Air Defense Aviation arm of the Air Defense Forces. Protected by the latter’s fighter interceptors, Frontal Aviation in wartime would deliver conventional, nuclear, or chemical ordnance on the enemy’s supply lines and troop concentrations to interdict its combat operations. It would be under the operational control of Ground Forces field commanders. In 1989 Frontal Aviation was divided into sixteen air armies composed of fighter, fighter-bomber, tactical reconnaissance, and electronic warfare aircraft.
Military Transport Aviation provided rapid strategic mobility for the armed forces. Its missions were to transport the Airborne Troops for rapid intervention by parachute and to supply and resupply Soviet forces abroad, and deliver arms and military equipment to Soviet allies around the world. In 1989 Military Transport Aviation had five air divisions, including 200 An-12, 55 An-22, 340 Il-76, and 5 An-124 transport aircraft. Having entered service only in 1987, the An-124 was the first Soviet transport that could lift outsized equipment such as main battle tanks. By the mid-1990s the Military Transport Aviation Command was organized into three divisions, each comprising three regiments of thirty aircraft. In addition, there were a few independent aviation transport regiments, including one stationed in Kaliningrad. Overall, the independent training regiments deployed about 350 aircraft of the Il-76 Kandid, An-12, An-22, and An-124 types.
USAF and Russian Air Force – A Comparison
USAF and RuAF Fleet strength
Let’s start with a little bit of heroic (maybe slightly biased) videos from both sides. The Americans are further down.
The US Air Force has since the end of the second world war been regarded as the supreme air force of the world, but with its increased spending in the middle east and the Russian military budget having increased a lot over the last two decades, how does the air forces look compared to each other? In this article, we will take a look into the two biggest air forces in the world: USAF and Russia’s Air Force!
Air force
United States
Russia
Fixed wing aircraft
Early warning (radar aircraft)
Rotary wing aircraft
Additional
(Notice: The table only shows vehicles of the Air Force. Navy, Army etc not included, to read about the air forces of all of these departments, read this article: US and Russian military aircraft – full comparison)
US and Russia defence spending
Now, what can we deduce from the table? Well, first of all, we can obviously see that the US has more aircraft overall, actually more than double the amount of Russia. But why is there such a huge difference? One of the reasons is the military budget. To show this I have here a graph showing the military spending of Russia and the US over the last 22 years. Even though the graph does not exclusively show the air forces’ spending it does show the amount of money that the US and Russia have spent on their military the last couple of years. This gives us an understanding of how much more money the US military budget consists of and is a vital ingredient to why their air force is the biggest one in the world.
The real differences in strength
Early Warning aircraft, or as many call it “Eyes in the sky” are aircraft with the capability to scan the area around itself looking for incoming aircraft, like a mobile radar station. Since you usually have permanent radar stations on the ground, the early warning aircraft is only (almost) used with aircraft carriers and amphibious warfare ships. Because the US has 19 aircraft carriers compared to Russia’s only one, and 31 amphibious warfare ships in contrast to Russia’s two there is an obvious reason to why the US’s need of AEWACs is much greater than Russia’s currently is.
Transports and tankers are used by all nations, but they are obviously not used as much if the country uses a big part of its military force as a defence as if it operates a lot in another country or on another continent. Because the US maintains a world-spanning network of military bases, protects trade routes worldwide and with the operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, they need to transport their troops and supplies great distances, which is why they have such a bigger number of transports and tankers than Russia has.
Trainers are used as can be easily figured to train pilots. There is basically only one reason why the US Air Force has so many more training aeroplanes: the extreme amount of personnel. The Russian air force has approximately 140 000 persons involved at the moment, while the USAF has almost 700 000! This means that the latter has to train a lot more persons and therefore needs a lot more training jets.
The Russian Mi Mil 26 lifting a Boeing CH-47 Chinook.
When we now come to the rotary wing aircraft the reason to why the two countries have such big differences are mainly two things. The first one is that the United States use most of their helicopters as a part of the navy/army and the second one is that Russia has put much more effort and money in their helicopter business which is proven for instance by the world’s heaviest lifting helicopter – the Russian Mi Mil 26.
Now to conclude this comparison there are some things that are needed to be said. The USAF spend such enormous amounts on their military each year that it is almost impossible to compare it with another country. But since Russia has the second greatest air force in the world there can be some conclusions drawn of how the air forces compare to each other as can be seen above. USAF’s idea is to develop aeroplanes that cost a lot, while Russia instead focuses on making many cheap aircraft, just like Josef Stalin’s famous quote (some say it was actually used by Lenin before):
Quantity has a quality all its own.
This is a comparison made not to show the “best” air force but instead to point out what the countries have spent their money and time on and how this has shaped them into what they are today, and how surprisingly different they are when you look deeply into it.
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95 Comments
USA high-end planes completely outnumber Russia’s.
You can’t fight F-22 with dated Kukuruziks.
Even if russia pours all its budget to develop a very good plane, they have them in laughable numbers.