Transition words что это
Transition words что это
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Подготовка к сочинению TOEFL iBT (Transition Words)
В наших последующих уроках мы продолжим знакомство со словами и выражениями, необходимыми для того, чтобы сделать логическое заключение, привести контраргумент, изложить какой-либо пункт рассуждений более подробно и т.д.
WORDS AND PHRASES FOR AN ESSAY
Eg: The aim of the test was first and foremost to give confidence to the students.
Eg: There are several reasons why students may prefer to live in dorms: first(ly), it is cheaper to live in a dorm than to rent an apartment, second(ly), students do not have to spend much time to get to school because dorms are usually located on campus, and lastly/last of all/finally/last but not least, students may have a more active social life.
Eg: (from a letter of recommendation). In addition, her education in Speech Communication and work as a teacher has provided a great deal of public speaking and presentation experience. What is more/On top of that, she is particularly good in a fast-paced environment with challenges and with co-workers as enthusiastic as herself.
Eg: The main reason why an international effort is needed to preserve the world’s energy resources is that individual nations, like people, will act according to their short-term motives and self-interest. Another reason is that this appears to be a problem international in nature which is difficult to solve independently and thus requires global cooperation. By the same token, efforts of individual nations to solve other international problems, for example, drug trafficking, have proven largely futile, because efforts have not been internationally based.
Eg: Alongside his many other responsibilities, he now has to be in charge of staff training.
Eg: Now it is generally believed that professional sport affects health in a negative way. Besides, violence, greed, and corruption are clearly the antitheses of the athletic ideal. (TOEFL writing question # 162)
Eg: It is important to note that professional athletes often finish their careers not because they are of retirement age, but because they are physically damaged. (TOEFL writing question # 162)
Eg: Physical labor can exhaust the body very quickly. Similarly/Equally/Likewise, excessive study can rapidly reduce mental powers.
Eg: Many parents believe that children should help with chores around the house at an early age, while others disagree. Before I tackle this question, a word must be said about parenting strategies. (TOEFL writing question #134)
Eg: as well as
— He was a real scholar as well as a great composer. (= He is not only a great composer, but also a real scholar.)
— He is intelligent as well as good-looking. (= He is not only good-looking, but also intelligent.)
— She composes music as well as plays the piano. (= She not only plays the piano but also composes music.)
Note: In BrE, when they put a verb after as well as, they most often use the -ing form. (см. Swan M. Practical English Usage, Oxford, 1997)
Eg:
— She sings as well as playing the piano.
— As well as doing well on the exams, she wrote a very good term paper.
One-sided argument essay (Independent Task)
Essay #179: What are some qualities of a good parent? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
There are many different kinds of parents in this world each with their own distinct set of traits but there are traits that seem to be common for every good parent. To be a good parent one has to be caring and loving as well as fair and demanding. And there are many other good qualities to choose from. In my opinion, the best qualities of parents include patience and understanding, honesty and responsibility.
For one thing, parents with patience and understanding values take the time to listen to their children’s problems no matter how busy they are. What is more, good parents should be enthusiastic about their children’s concerns. Enthusiasm in parenting involves taking an active interest in their child’s life. Taking an «active interest» does not mean they have to be overbearing but being tolerant and energetic in the child’s interest’s and hobbies. On top of that, understanding parents take their children as they are and let them learn from their own mistakes. Thus, children are permitted to explore the world on their own with the proper guidance from their parents.
Another important quality of a good parent is honesty. Honest parents provide their children with good moral values and give their children a realistic view of the world. They set a good example and have the ability to be consistent and strict when necessary. They listen seriously to their children when they ask questions and guide them toward the right answers.
Last but not least, good parents should bear moral responsibility for their children. It means that parents, by their own behavior, should set high moral standards for their children to follow.
In conclusion, there are a great number of qualities that have the potential of benefiting a child. To isolate any particular quality from the other is practically impossible. Children need to be exposed to many different qualities, including the ones mentioned above, to develop into the best unique and well-rounded adult possible.
Продолжение работы над сочинением в следующем уроке.
When learning a language it can be easy to use one sentence after another without linking relevant information together but transition words help you to avoid this. In fluent language, this makes speech more coherent and allows the listener to more easily understand the link between two points or ideas.
These words are some of the most commonly used within the English language and in order to improve your ability to communicate in the language, it important to learn them. In this article, we are going to be looking at what a transition word it, how they are used and why it is important to have a good knowledge of them as you progress through your language learning journey. We will also be exploring some examples of transition words being used within a sentence,
What Are Transition Words?
The most simple way of explaining what transition words are is to say that they are words that join one idea to another in a sentence. This avoids having many overly concise sentences which can cause speech to sound disjointed and unnatural. Consider the following example:
These sentences can be easily understood by any English speaker but they do not flow and all four of the sentences could be made into one sentence through the use of transition words. Let’s explore how this might look:
It isn’t difficult to see how much better this sentence flows and the listener can connect each idea much more freely.
Another job of the transition word is to let your listener or reader know what is going to happen next. These words do not always need to be used on their own, there are also opportunities to create a transition phrase to further inform the listener or reader how the two ideas are connected. Through the use of transition words and phrases, you can lead your audience from one idea to the next. Think about these sentences.
Now when we add a transition phrase, the two ideas become linked and much more easy to follow.
A transition word or phrase can link two sentences but they may also link together two paragraphs or simply two clauses. In essence, they are considered to be the glue that will hold your speech together, in other words – they are super important.
Why Should You Learn Transition Words?
Whilst it is perfectly doable to speak English without transition words, this will make your speech and writing sound much less natural and quite often, disjointed and unpleasant to hear.
In order to effectively convey your thoughts and ideas, transition words are essential and they will certainly give your English a more native feel. Using transition words and phrases will allow you to show your audience that two sentences are related to one another in some way.
Types Of Transition Words
It may come as little surprise that there are is more than one type of transition word and learning their types can go a long way in helping you to select the right word or phrase to use in your speaking or writing. Let’s take a look at the most commonly used types of transition words along with some examples of how they might look when used in a sentence.
Conclusion Transition Words
You might see these words used in the following sentences:
Addition Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Emphasis Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Order Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Contrast Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Cause & Effect Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Illustration Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Comparison Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Time Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Place Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Result Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Concession Transition Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
Condition Transitional Words
You might see these words being used in sentences such as the following:
All About Transition Words
Read on to learn all about the best transition words and phrases and when to use them, as well as common pitfalls you might encounter when incorporating transitions into your writing.
When to use transition words
Transition words illustrate relationships between other words and phrases. Although students are generally taught to use transition words at the beginning of sentences, this isn’t the only place they’re used.
Types of transition words
Transition words present the writer’s thoughts in an orderly fashion, express nuance, clarify vagueness, forge connections, and demonstrate comparisons. Because they do so many different jobs, transition words are divided into eight distinct categories.
Transition words that introduce, agree, and add on
One of the most common ways transition words are used is to introduce new ideas and add onto topics that have already been explored in the piece.
Transition words and phrases in this category include:
Take a look at a few ways you can use these kinds of transition words in a sentence:
Transition words that oppose and limit
Transition words can also communicate opposition or limits to ideas and phrases. These words’ role is largely the opposite of the role played by the category above. Transition words that create opposition and limits include:
Here are a few examples:
Cause and conditional transition words
These transition words show how one action led to a specific effect or how one circumstance is conditional on another. This category also includes words and transition phrases that illustrate the relationship between an intention and an action.
Cause and conditional transition words include:
A few examples of these words in sentences include:
Effect and result transition words
Similar to the category above, these transition words demonstrate the result of a specific action. Here’s the difference between the two: When your sentence is focused on the cause of the effect, you’d use one of the transition words from the “Cause and conditional” category above. When the emphasis is on the effect itself, you would use a word from this “Effect and result” category that fits with the rest of your sentence.
For example, you might announce that you’ve postponed your barbecue by sending a group message that says “ because of the weather, I postponed the barbecue.” But you can communicate the same message with a slightly different focus by phrasing it as “it’s raining, so consequently I’ve rescheduled the barbecue.”
Words and phrases in this category include:
A few more examples of sentences that include these transition words are:
Transition words that describe examples and support
Other transition words make it clear that one concept supports another, either by providing evidence, emphasizing it, or simply being an example. These words include:
Here are a few examples of these transition words at work:
Conclusion and summary transition words
These are the transition words that bring paragraphs, arguments, and pieces of writing to a close. They can also be used to summarize and restate ideas. These transition phrases and words include:
Take a look at a few ways these words work in sentences:
Transition words for describing time
Another category of transition words deals with time, specifically when something happened or will happen in relation to another event. These words include:
Take a look at these transition phrases and words in action:
Transition words for locations
Transition words can also draw a reader’s attention to where something is located, or the physical or spatial relationship between two things. This can mean where someone or something is literally located, or they can be used figuratively, like “Dan’s auto body shop is above Rick’s when it comes to quality and attention to detail.”
These words and phrases include:
You’ll notice that many of these words can also function as prepositions in a sentence. They can also function as transition words that are part of adverbial clauses. Here are a few examples of this kind of transition word at work:
Common mistakes writers make with transition words
Working with transition words isn’t always easy. Sometimes, especially when English isn’t your primary language, you may accidentally use the wrong word for the type of transition you’re making or use a word that doesn’t have quite the right connotation for your message. For example, you might say something like, “We could go out for burgers, pizza, sushi, or tacos. In either case, that works for me.” Either implies that there are only two choices, so in this scenario, it doesn’t fit because there are a total of four choices. (Here, the best way to phrase this would be “in any case.”)
Here are a few other commonly mistaken transition words:
Another mistake writers sometimes make with transition words is using them in inappropriate contexts. As you saw in the lists above, some transition words and phrases feel more formal and academic than others. You can make your writing feel too formal—or too casual—by choosing a transition word that doesn’t fit your tone or the type of writing you’re doing. Here are a few examples of transition words that don’t fit their sentences:
See how they’re all either too formal or too casual for the messages they’re communicating? Word choice is crucial to effective communication, and that includes choosing the right transition for each sentence.
Make every transition a smooth one
Not sure if the transition word you chose is the right one? Run your writing through Grammarly and get suggestions for how to pick the perfect words and strike the appropriate tone that works best for what you’re communicating.
Transition Words & Phrases (Ultimate List & Great Examples)
Transition words and transitional phrases are used more frequently in the English language than we probably realize and even though their name suggests they may be a complex subject, in reality, transition words are quite easy to understand. In this article, we are going to find out exactly what transition words are and the various different types you are likely to see.
Transition Words
What Is A Transition Word?
In simple terms, a transition word demonstrates the relationship between two portions of the text or spoken language. By using the imagery of a bridge, we can see how these words take us from one statement to another. By using these words we can better build a sentence and convey what we are trying to say in a more concise manner.
The Importance and Function of Transitional Words and Phrases
Transition words are so important because they take the reader or listener from one idea to another. Without them, sentences would be singular and would not connect and flow, which can create a more natural way of delivering information. The use of transition words also serves as a way to prevent having to mentally jump from one sentence or paragraph to another, giving the listener or reader greater ease.
The function of transition words is essential to put in place an easy to understand, logical connection between paragraphs and sentences.
Types Of Transition Words and Transitional Phrases
There is more than one type of transition word and in this section, we are going to introduce you to some of the most commonly used ones, which will give you a greater understanding of the concept.
Reason
Many transition words follow similar patterns. Because of this, we can categorize similar words together. One category typically used to describe transitional words is reason. Words in the reason list reveal cause and effect of a particular event.
Examples of transition words falling under the category of reason can be seen below.
You might see them used in a sentence such as; In order to achieve this, we need a budget.
Result
A result transition word is similar to a reason transition word and will link a sentence to the outcome of it.
Some examples of commonly used result transition words are:
You are likely to see a result transitional word in a sentence such as; I cannot attend the party tonight as a result of being so tired from having worked late all week.
Emphasis
Transition words that fall under the emphasis category emphasize a particular fact. They highlight the importance of the information discussed in your essay. These words signal that some key information is forthcoming.
Transition words that show emphasis are essential to any well-written paper. Find examples of these words and phrases below.
You might see one of these types of transition words used in a sentence such as; You can travel to Australia and obviously, can visit Tasmania whilst you are there.
Addition
Addition transition words add important information to the topic discussed in your academic paper.
Some examples of addition transition words are found below.
An example of a sentence containing one of these common transition words would be; You cannot go into the theatre as you have not got tickets, furthermore, you are not in the correct dress for this performance.
Emphasis – Addition – Contrast – Order Transition Words & Transitional Phrases
Illustration
An illustration transitional word is used to give an example of what the speaker is referring to.
Some good examples of this type of transition word would be:
The following sentence shows the use of an illustration transitional word; There are lots of things to do at the park, for instance feeding the ducks or playing on the slide.
Contrast
You will want to select a contrast transition word to show the difference between two key pieces of information expressed in your essay. These words indicate that your paper is linking a sentence or paragraph together by contrasting how two things different.
Contrast transition words make it clear that two pieces of information will be contrasted. The list below showcases some contrast words that will be effective in your writing:
You might see one of these transitions being used in a sentence such as; While this may be true, it doesn’t mean that biking is not beneficial for your heart.
Comparison/Similarity
In order to link two sentences or paragraphs you can introduce compare transition words, The words show how to ideas being discussed relate to each other.
Some examples of this type of transition word might be:
An example of a sentence in which you might see a comparison/similarity transition word would be; In the same way, biking also offers many benefits that help you with your fitness goals.
Result – Illustration – Comparison/Similarity – Summary Transition Words and Phrases
Order
An order transition word can be used to show a change in the order or timing of consecutive ideas and phrases.
Listed below are order transition words:
You might see an order transitional word being used in a sentence such as; I will go to the shop, then to the park, and finally, I will relax in the bar.
Conclusion
Conclusion transition words are used to conclude the ideas that have been previously mentioned. A transition word from the conclusion category indicates that you are about to wrap up your argument.
Conclusion transition words work well to clarify your arguments.
An excellent example of a sentence to demonstrate this would be; The acting was superb and the lighting was excellent, all things considered, it made for an interesting play.
Condition
Condition transition words are used to establish the condition or to bring into consideration another viewpoint.
Words that fall in this category include:
A condition transitional phrase might be used in a sentence such as; Take an umbrella in case it rains.
Concession
A concession transition word is used to acknowledge an opposing view and might be used in the form of the following words and phrases:
A good example of a sentence containing this type of transition would be; In spite of the fact that he is rich, he lives in a small house.
Generalization
A generalization transitional word can be used to give an example of an idea relating to the subject.
Some common transition words in this category are:
Here is a sentence that uses a generalization transitional phrase; In general, Japanese cars are very reliable and breakdowns are rare.
Restatement
Restatement transition words provide clarity for your argument. These transition words signal the importance of the information shared before.
To restate your thoughts employ these words in your essay.
Let’s look at an example of a sentence that uses a restatement transition; In other words, the elephant is already dancing with the dragon.
Reference
Reference transition words are used to literally make a reference to a continuing idea presented in your essay.
Words and phrases that express these references include:
You might see a reference transitional phrase in a sentence like this one; I was explaining to John that the job he wanted was not available due to the fact that they had already hired someone.
Clarification
Sometimes ideas being discussed in your paper needs to be parsed down. Clarification transition words indicate that you will be exploring your ideas in more detail.
To provide clarification in your essay use these words and phrases.
A good example of a sentence that uses clarification transitional phrase is as follows; I won’t be going because I do not like her, in other words, she will ruin the evening for me.
Space/ Location
Space transition words are to clarify spatial relationships. They provide spatial order and reference.
Some transitions words to describe space/locations are:
Examples of transition words and transitional phrases in sentences.
Transition Words List
List of 288 transition words and phrases from A to Z.
Using Transition Words in Essays & Academic Writing
When writing an academic essay you want to clearly communicate your arguments. Transitions aid you in creating a logical relationship between sentences and paragraphs. Transitions help writers focus their reader’s attention in a particular way. They direct the reader on how to interpret the content of your essay.
Do not expect transitions to compensate for a poorly organized essay. Transitions are not used to make a piece of writing sound smarter. Instead, transitions allow the reader to follow the argument your paper lays out. Through transitions, readers see how ideas work together to develop a logical argument. Transitions convey a relationship between concepts or ideas. Transitions indicate an upcoming example, an exception to a previous argument, or an alternative to an established argument.
You can add transitions to improve the logical flow of your essay writing. Transitions operate boldly and in a straightforward manner. They fill the gaps between one topic and the next.
Transitions shape your essay’s argument for your reader. They work between and within paragraphs to help you write with precision.
Transition Words Between Paragraphs
Transitions connect the current paragraph to the previous one. They summarize the previous paragraph and introduce a new idea. Transitions between paragraphs occur at the end of one paragraph or the beginning of a new one. Furthermore, you can use the transitions between paragraphs in both places. Transitions between paragraphs can be a word, phrase, or sentence.
A good transition in an essay reminds the reader of what they just read and states what they are going to read next. It also expresses why this information is important.
Examples of transition words between paragraphs
Why do transitions between paragraphs often appear at the start of a new paragraph?
It easy to connect the previous paragraph to the current one with a transition. These transitions often use phrases to link the two paragraphs.
Examples of transition words at the start of the paragraph
Transitions within Paragraphs
Transitions within paragraphs help the reader of your essay understand what information will be forthcoming. Expect these transitions to appears as a word or short phrase. Transition words can logically structure your paragraphs. They help improve the flow of your essay.
Example
Without transitions: Wanda did not have any money to buy her brother a gift. She did not receive an allowance at age four. She was sad on his birthday.
With transitions: Wanda did not have money to buy her brother a gift because she did not receive an allowance at age four. Nevertheless, she was sad on his birthday.
When you add transitions to the above example text you show how the three sentences relate to each other. Without relation, these sentences can appear disjointed. Readers may fail to grasp how these three sentences relate. With these transitions, your essay’s arguments become clearer.
The transition because joins the first and second sentences. It establishes a cause and effect relationship. The word nevertheless helps the prior sentence flow into the current sentences.
Examples of transition words within paragraphs
Transition Words & Transitional Phrases with Examples
Learn an extensive list of transition words and phrases in English with example sentences.
Reason Transition Words
A reason transitional word is one that shows the cause and effect of a situation.
Usage: provide reasons for what has been stated or has occurred.
Reason transitional words list with examples:
Result Transition Words
The result group of transition words is closely linked to the reason category. Result transition words tell the reader to expect to learn about the outcome of a specific situation.
Usage: Provide the result of what has been stated or has occurred.
To find result-oriented transition words explore the examples below:
Emphasis Transition Words
An emphasis transitional word is used to support a piece of information that has just been given, they can also be used to emphasize an idea.
Function: Put forward a point or idea more forcefully
Let’s look at some example sentences of emphasis transitional words & transitional phrases:
Addition Transition Words
An Addition transition word will give additional information in a sentence, deepening the meaning that is taken from it.
Function: Add to what has been previously stated.
Addition transitional words and transitional phrases list with examples:
Illustration Transition Words
There are many transition words that will indicate that an example is forthcoming. These words clarify that evidence for your argument is coming up.
Function: Provide examples.
Some vibrant transition words appear below to help prepare your reader for new evidence or examples.
Contrast Transition Words
A contrast transitional word can be used to show a contrast between two ideas within a sentence.
Function: Show how things are different.
Contrast transition words list with examples:
Comparison/Similarity Transition Words
A comparison/similarity transition word is used to compare two ideas or thoughts.
Function: Show how things are similar.
Comparison/Similarity transitional words and transitional phrases examples:
Order Transition Words
Some transition words point to an order to keep your arguments functioning logically. These words and phrases show how you should perceive information.
Conclusion Transition Words
Function: Transition words and phrases to sum up what has been previously stated.
Summary transition words list with examples:
Condition Transitional Words
Transition words that suggest another perspective fall under the category of conditional transitional words. That is to say, that the facts discussed may be mutable depending on specific conditions
Function: To provide a condition to what has been stated
Condition transitional words and transitional phrases examples:
Concession Transition Words
Function: To accept a point or idea with reservation/to express an opposing viewpoint.
Concession transition words list with examples:
Generalization Transition Words
Words in the generalization category reveal a forthcoming example that will illustrate a traditional viewpoint.
Function: Transition words and phrases to make a general statement.
Restatement Transition Words
Restatement transition words are used to summarise an idea or restate something that has already been said.
Function: Express an alternative to what has been previously stated.
Reference Transition Words
People use reference transitional words and phrases to a relationship between continuing ideas.
Function: Literally make a reference to a continuing idea.
Clarification Transition Words
Usage: Further explain an idea or thought.
Space/Location Transition Words
Function: To clarify spatial relationships/to provide spatial order and reference.
Chart of Common Transition Words & Transitional Phrases
All transitional words and transitional phrases in one table.
Learn the quick list of linking words and phrases in English with pictures.
Transitions vs. Conjunctions
Conjunctions sometimes masquerade as transitions. However, conjunctions and transitions have different functions. A conjunction joins two clauses in a sentence. In contrast, transitions reveal the relationship between two sentences or paragraphs. Transitions signal to the reader how pieces of information fit together in a logical way. Similarly, both conjunctions and transitions connect ideas or thoughts.
What Are Conjunctions?
Conjunction brings two clauses in a sentence together. Removing conjunction from a sentence causes grammatical changes to the text. There are two main types of conjunctions that exist: subordinate and coordinating. Each serves a specific function.
Subordinating conjunctions
This type of conjunction will link an independent clause to a dependent one. Subordinating conjunction indicates a relationship between clauses. It stresses which clause is most important within the confines of a sentence.
Example
Coordinating conjunctions
Join two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sentence. It is easy to remember the seven coordinating conjunctions with the mnemonic FANBOYS. The seven coordinating conjunctions include: for, as, nor, but, or, yet and so.
Example
In addition, to the above main conjunctions, you may come across correlating conjunctions. Correlating conjunctions are word pairs that function together to connect equal sentence elements. Common correlating conjunctions include word pairs like neither…nor or not only…but also.
What Are Transitions?
Removing a transition from a sentence does not hold any grammatical consequences to your writing. Transitions can either be words or phrases. They connect two ideas and establish the relationship between these ideas. Transitions direct readers to the logical progression of your argument. They create a shift in perspective. That is to say, transitions can signal an upcoming comparison, opposition, or result.
Unlike conjunctions, transitions connect more than the idea of one sentence together. They instead showcase the relationship between two sentences or a paragraph. Transitions are usually set apart from a sentence with a comma. This is not always the case with conjunctions. For example, subordinating conjunctions do not need commas.
You can categorize transitions by their specific functions. Listed here are transition examples sorted by their use.
Examples
Transitions work to connect sentences or paragraphs. Below find examples of how transitions operate in writing.
Transitions vs. Conjunctions Chart
Transition Words | Video
Learn common transition words and transitional phrases with American English pronunciation.
(Useful transition words and phrases in English).